Year 9 Chemistry topic 5

What occurs during a combustion reaction?

A substance reacts with oxygen (O2) and heat is released.

What are some examples of combustion reactions?

Burning and explosions.

What is a fuel in the context of combustion reactions?

The substance that reacts with oxygen in a combustion reaction.

Name four common fuels used in combustion reactions.

Methane, butane, octane, and petrol.

What are hydrocarbons?

Fuels made of hydrogen and carbon.

What is required to initiate a combustion reaction?

A source of ignition, usually provided by a spark, flame, or electrical current.

What is essential combustion?

A slow combustion reaction that occurs in the mitochondria of cells.

What fuel does respiration use?

Glucose from digested food.

What are the products of respiration?

Carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP).

What are fossil fuels?

Natural gas, oil, coal, kerosene, and propane formed from the remains of living organisms.

What are the main components of fossil fuels?

Hydrogen and carbon, which are hydrocarbons.

What additional products may be produced from burning fossil fuels?

Sulfur, nitrogen-rich gases, and carbon monoxide.

What are the main greenhouse gases produced by human activities?

Carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide.

What is the impact of greenhouse gases?

They lead to the enhanced greenhouse effect and increasing climate change.

What is methane and where is it commonly used?

A natural gas used in stove tops and ovens; it is colorless, odorless, and highly flammable.

What are the products of the combustion of methane?

Carbon dioxide and water.

Write the balanced equation for the combustion of methane.

CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O.

What is octane and its significance in combustion?

The main component of petrol, used in most Australian cars.

Write the balanced equation for the combustion of octane.

2C8H18 + 25O2 → 16CO2 + 18H2O.

What is hydrogen's role in combustion?

It is the main fuel used in rocket engines and produces only water as a product.

Write the balanced equation for the combustion of hydrogen.

2H2 + O2 → 2H2O.

Define a combustion reaction.

A chemical reaction that involves the rapid reaction of a substance with oxygen to produce heat and light.

What is the greenhouse effect?

The warming of the Earth's surface due to the trapping of heat by greenhouse gases.

What is a hydrocarbon?

An organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.