Medication Administration and Patient Safety Practice Flashcards

A set of 80 vocabulary flashcards covering medication administration principles, safety protocols, and patient education based on the lecture notes.

3 Checks

The process of comparing the medication label with the MAR at three specific points: removal from the pixis, before preparation, and at the bedside when giving.

The 10 Rights of Medication Administration

Consist of the right patient, medication, dose, route, time, documentation, reason, response, education, and the right to refuse.

Medication Reconciliation

The process of comparing newly ordered medications with current medications to prevent omissions, duplications, and interactions.

Timing for Medication Reconciliation

Must be performed on admission, transfer, and discharge.

Pharmacokinetics

The study of how medications move in the body, involving absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

Absorption

The process of a medication entering the blood stream.

Factors Affecting Absorption

Includes the route of administration, blood flow, food intake, and stomach acidity.

Distribution

The movement of medication from the blood stream to the tissues.

Factors Affecting Distribution

Influenced by circulation, protein binding, and body fat/water composition.

Metabolism

The breakdown of medication within the body.

Primary Organ of Metabolism

The liver.

Excretion

The removal of medication from the body.

Primary Organ of Excretion

The kidneys.

Enteral Route

Administration of medication through the GI tract, including oral, NG, gastrostomy, jejunostomy, and rectal.

Enteric-Coated Medications

Medications designed to dissolve in the intestines; they must never be crushed or split.

Sublingual Administration

Placing medication under the tongue for rapid absorption; it should not be swallowed.

Buccal Administration

Placing medication between the cheek and gums.

IV Bolus

Medication administered quickly and directly into a vein.

Intermittent Infusion

Medication infused over a set period of time.

Continuous Infusion

Medication that is continuously administered to the patient.

CVAD (Central Venous Access Device)

Device used for long-term IV administration into a large vein, such as a PICC line, central line, or port.

CVAD Central Risks

Includes high risk for infection, air embolism, and CLABSI.

IM (Intramuscular) Injection Sites

Common sites include the deltoid, vastus lateralis, and ventrogluteal.

Dorsogluteal Site Risk

A site to avoid for IM injections due to the risk of sciatic nerve injury.

Subcutaneous (SubQ) Injection Sites

Common sites include the abdomen, upper arms, and thighs.

Medications for Subcutaneous Injection

Commonly used for the administration of insulin and heparin.

Transdermal Administration

Medication absorbed through a skin patch; requires wearing gloves and rotating sites.

Ophthalmic Medication Technique

After administration, apply pressure to the inner eye for $30-60\,\text{sec}$ to reduce systemic absorption.

Otic Administration (Adults)

Pull the ear up and back for medication delivery.

Otic Administration (Children Under $3$)

Pull the ear down and back for medication delivery.

MDI (Metered Dose Inhaler)

A device that delivers aerosol medication.

Spacer (Aerochamber)

A device used with an MDI to improve delivery and decrease oral medication loss.

Medication Education Requirements

The nurse must explain the purpose, side effects, and administration instructions, then verify understanding.

Teaching Literacy Level

Patient education materials should be written at a $4\text{th}-6\text{th}$ grade level.

Teaching Strategies

Includes using simple language, pictures, and the teach-back method.

MAR (Medication Administration Record)

The formal record used to document drugs administered to a patient.

Reconstitute

The action of mixing a powdered medication with a liquid.

Diluent

The liquid used specifically for mixing or diluting a medication.

Peak

The highest concentration of a medication in the blood.

Trough

The lowest concentration of a medication before the next dose is administered.

Anaphylaxis

A severe, life-threatening allergic reaction.

Symptoms of Anaphylaxis

Includes swelling, wheezing, hypotension, and difficulty breathing.

Treatment for Anaphylaxis

Requires administration of epinephrine and airway support.

Interprofessional Care

Collaboration involving multiple healthcare professionals working together to provide care.

SBAR: Situation

Describes what is happening now in the patient care scenario.

SBAR: Background

Details the relevant history regarding the patient.

SBAR: Assessment

Refers to the analysis of the current situation or findings.

SBAR: Recommendation

Suggests what actions or interventions should be taken next.

Handoff Report Components

Includes diagnosis, allergies, medications, current condition, and recent changes.

Incivility

Rude or disrespectful behavior in the healthcare environment.

Lateral Violence

Bullying that occurs peer-to-peer.

Vertical Violence

Bullying occurring between different levels of authority.

Conflict Management Strategies

Includes active listening, compromise, collaboration, and communication.

Cognitive Rehearsal

The practice of rehearsing responses to bullying or conflict.

Emotional Intelligence

The ability to recognize emotions, manage them, and respond appropriately.

National Patient Safety Goals (NPSG)

Major goals include identifying patients correctly, improving communication, using medications safely, preventing infections, preventing falls, and identifying safety risks.

Personal Safety Risk Factors

Includes age, confusion, weakness, medication side effects, and impaired mobility.

Environmental Safety Risk Factors

Includes clutter, poor lighting, wet floors, and improper equipment.

RACE: Rescue

The 'R' in the fire safety acronym, meaning to rescue anyone in immediate danger.

RACE: Alarm

The 'A' in the fire safety acronym, meaning to activate the fire alarm.

RACE: Contain

The 'C' in the fire safety acronym, meaning to contain the fire by closing doors.

RACE: Extinguish/Evacuate

The 'E' in the fire safety acronym, meaning to put out the fire or leave the area.

PASS: Pull

The 'P' in the fire extinguisher acronym, meaning to pull the pin.

PASS: Aim

The 'A' in the fire extinguisher acronym, meaning to aim at the base of the fire.

PASS: Squeeze

The 'S' in the fire extinguisher acronym, meaning to squeeze the handle.

PASS: Sweep

The second 'S' in the fire extinguisher acronym, meaning to sweep from side to side.

Restraint Usage Rules

Only used when least restrictive methods fail and the patient is a danger to self or others.

Restraint Provider Requirements

A provider order is required for use.

Restraint Monitoring Duties

Must monitor frequently, remove regularly, and maintain circulation and hydration.

CLABSI

Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection.

HAI

Hospital Acquired Infection.

CAUTI

Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection.

SSI

Surgical Site Infection.

VAPI / VAI

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Infection.

MDROs (Multidrug-Resistant Organisms)

Pathogens resistant to multiple antibiotics, such as MRSA, C. diff, and VRE.

Sentinel Event

An unexpected event causing death, severe injury, or psychological harm.

Cognitive Domain of Learning

Involves knowledge and thinking, such as understanding medication instructions.

Affective Domain of Learning

Involves feelings and attitudes, such as accepting a new diagnosis.

Psychomotor Domain of Learning

Involves physical skills, such as learning to perform an insulin injection.

SMART Goals

Goals that are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-Bound.