Chapter 6 - The Skeletal System: Bone Tissue

This flashcard set covers key concepts from Chapter 6 about the skeletal system and bone tissue, focusing on structure, functions, formation, and disorders.

Functions of the Skeletal System

The six main functions include support, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell production, and energy storage.

Long Bone Structure

Each long bone consists of a diaphysis, epiphysis, metaphysis, articular cartilage, and a medullary cavity.

Connective Tissue Classification

Bone tissue is classified as a connective tissue because it connects and supports other tissues and organs.

Extracellular Matrix Components

The extracellular matrix of bone tissue includes collagen fibers and inorganic mineral salts, providing strength and resilience.

Osteon

The structural unit of compact bone, consisting of a central canal surrounded by concentric lamellae.

Trabeculae

The supporting bundles of bony fibers in spongy bone tissue that create a mesh-like structure.

Bone Blood Supply

Bone has a rich blood supply that includes the nutrient artery and metaphyseal arteries for nourishment and maintenance.

Ossification Processes

Intramembranous and endochondral ossification are the two processes by which bone is formed from connective tissue.

Bone Growth

Bone grows in length through the action of epiphyseal plates and in thickness via appositional growth.

Bone Remodeling

The ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue, involving the activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts.

Types of Fractures

Common types of fractures include simple, compound, comminuted, and greenstick fractures.

Fracture Repair Sequence

The sequence involves hematoma formation, callus formation, ossification, and remodeling.

Calcium Homeostasis

Blood calcium levels are regulated by hormones such as parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.

Importance of Calcium

Calcium is vital for bone health, muscle function, nerve transmission, and blood clotting.

Exercise Effects on Bone Tissue

Mechanical stress from exercise stimulates bone remodeling and strengthens the skeletal system.

Osteoporosis Effects

Osteoporosis leads to weakened bones, increased fragility, and a higher risk of fractures.