Chromosomes

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Last updated 2:10 AM on 4/10/26
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14 Terms

1
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What is heredity?

The passing of traits from one generation to the next

<p>The <strong>passing </strong>of <strong>traits </strong>from <strong>one generation </strong>to the <strong>next</strong></p>
2
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What do genes determine the chemical structure of?

Genes determine the chemical structure of proteins and enzymes

3
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What is a character?

A character is a heritable, observable feature such as hair color

4
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What is a trait?

A trait is a variant of a character such as brown eyes

5
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What is a gene?

Gene is a unit of heredity that controls character

6
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What is an allele?

An allele is a specific form of a gene that controls a trait

<p>An allele is a <strong>specific form </strong>of a <strong>gene </strong>that <strong>controls </strong>a <strong>trait</strong></p>
7
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What is an organism’s phenotype vs genotype?

Phenotype = Physical appearance

Genotype = Genetic makeup

8
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What is chromatin?

Chromatin is DNA & protein that helps pack DNA into chromosomes

<p>Chromatin is <strong>DNA </strong>&amp; <strong>protein </strong>that helps <strong>pack DNA </strong>into <strong>chromosomes</strong></p>
9
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What are chromatids?

Chromatids are two identical strands of a copied chromosome, with each chromatid containing one strand of DNA

<p>Chromatids are <strong>two identical strands </strong>of a <strong>copied chromosome</strong>, with each chromatid containing <strong>one strand </strong>of <strong>DNA</strong></p>
10
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What are chromosomes?

Chromosomes are long strands of DNA found in the nuclei of cells

<p>Chromosomes are <strong>long strands </strong>of <strong>DNA </strong>found in the <strong>nuclei </strong>of <strong>cells</strong></p>
11
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What are diploid cells?

Diploid cells are cells with two sets of chromosomes, present in all body except gametes

<p>Diploid cells are <strong>cells </strong>with <strong>two sets </strong>of <strong>chromosomes</strong>, present in <strong>all body </strong>except gametes</p>
12
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What are haploid cells?

Haploid cells are cells with one set of chromosomes, present only in gametes

<p>Haploid cells are <strong>cells </strong>with <strong>one set </strong>of <strong>chromosomes</strong>, present <strong>only </strong>in <strong>gametes</strong></p>
13
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What are somatic cells and how many chromosomes do they have?

Somatic cells are all body cells except for reproductive cells.

  • They contain 46 chromosomes + 23 pairs

14
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How many pairs of chromosomes are identical?

22 are identical, with 1 pair of sex chromosomes

<p><strong>22 </strong>are <strong>identical</strong>, with <strong>1 pair </strong>of <strong>sex chromosomes</strong></p>