Amendments & Supreme Court Cases

What is the 1st Amendment?

Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition

What year was the 1st Amendment ratified?

1791

Why is the 1st Amendment important?

• Protects individual liberties

• Limits government interference with expression

What is the 4th amendment?

Protection Against Unreasonable Searches and Seizures

What year was the 4th Amendment ratified?

1791

Key rights of the 4th Amendment?

• Requires warrants based on probable cause

• Protects privacy rights

What is the 5th Amendment?

Due Process of Law

What year was the 5th Amendment ratified?

1791

What are the key rights of the 5th Amendment?

• No self-incrimination

• No double jeopardy

• Due process protections

What is the 6th Amendment?

Rights of the Accused

What year was the 6th Amendment ratified?

1791

What did the 13th Amendment do?

Abolished Slavery

What is the historical context of the 13th Amendment?

• Passed after the Civil War

• Ended slavery throughout the United States

What year was the 13th Amendment Ratified?

1865

How does the 13th Amendment connect to the regents?

• Reconstruction

• Civil Rights

What is the 14th Amendment?

Citizenship and Equal Protection

What are the key rights of the 14th Amendment?

• Citizenship for all persons born in the U.S.

• Equal Protection Clause

• Due Process Clause

What year was the 14th Amendment ratified?

1868

How does the 14th Amendment connect with the regents?

• Brown v. Board of Education

• Civil Rights Movement

What is the 15th Amendment?

Voting Rights Regardless of Race

What year was the 15th Amendment ratified?

1870

What is the historical context of the 15th Amendment?

• Part of Reconstruction

• Intended to protect African American voting rights

What is the 16th Amendment?

Federal Income Tax

What year was the 16th Amendment ratified?

1913

What is the importance of the 16th Amendment?

• Increased federal government revenue

• Expanded federal power

What is the 17th Amendment?

The Direct Election of Senators

What year was the 17th Amendment ratified?

1913

What is the importance of the 17th Amendment?

• Increased democratic participation

• Progressive Era reform

What is the 18th Amendment?

Banning of alcohol (Prohibition)

What year was the 18th Amendment ratified?

1919

What is the 19th Amendment

Women’s Suffrage

What year was the 19th Amendment ratified?

1920

What are two important figures that helped with the ratification of the 19th Amendment?

• Susan B. Anthony

• Elizabeth Cady Stanton

What is the importance/result of the 19th Amendment

• Granted women the right to vote

• Major victory for the Women's Rights Movement

What did the 21st Amendment do?

Repealed/Ended Prohibition

What year was the 21st Amendment ratified?

1933

What amendment did the 21st Amendment end?

The 18th Amendment

What is the 22nd Amendment?

Two-Term Limit for Presidents

What year was the 22nd Amendment ratified?

1951

The importance of the 22nd Amendment?

Passed after Franklin D. Roosevelt served four terms

What did the 24th Amendment eliminate?

Poll Taxes

What year was the 24th Amendment ratified?

1964

What are the results/importance of the 24th Amendment?

• Expanded voting rights

• Supported Civil Rights Movement goals

What is the 25th Amendment?

Presidential Succession

What is the importance/significance of the 25th Amendment?

Clarified presidential succession procedures

What year was the 25th Amendment ratified?

1967

What did the 26th Amendment do?

Lowered Voting Age To 18

What year was the 26th Amendment ratified?

1971

What is the importance/historical context of the 26th Amendment?

• Influenced by the Vietnam War

• "Old enough to fight, old enough to vote"

What is Marbury v. Madisons constitutional principle?

Judicial Review

Significance of Marbury v. Madison?

• Established the Supreme Court's power to declare laws unconstitutional

• Increased the power of the Judicial Branch

What year was the case argued?

1803

What is McCulloch v. Marylands constitutional principle?

Elastic (Necessary and Proper) Clause

Significance of McCulloch v. Maryland?

• Upheld the constitutionality of the National Bank

• Strengthened federal authority over the states