Earthquake Management

These flashcards cover key concepts and facts about earthquake management, preparation, and response strategies learned from the lecture notes.

What is currently impossible regarding earthquakes?

Accurate prediction of earthquakes.

What device monitors ground changes to assist in predicting earthquakes?

Tiltmeters.

What process involves assessing areas at risk from earthquakes?

Land use mapping.

What is a common method used to prepare for earthquakes in developed countries?

Earthquake-resistant building design.

What advice is given for people to protect themselves during an earthquake indoors?

Drop, cover, and hold on.

Which technology provides data about changes in ground movement?

Remote sensing.

What is the purpose of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in earthquake management?

To provide layers of data for land use planning and emergency response.

What feature makes a building less likely to collapse during an earthquake?

Cross bracing.

What was a significant preparation in Nepal before the 2015 earthquake?

The Kathmandu Valley Earthquake Risk Management Project (KVERMP).

What did the School Earthquake Safety Programme (SESP) in Nepal focus on?

Funding schools for earthquake drills.

What issue affected earthquake education in rural Nepal?

Lack of drills and knowledge about earthquake safety.

What is one challenge in Nepal related to earthquake communication?

Multiple recognized languages complicate communication.

What major natural disaster risk does Japan frequently experience?

Earthquakes.

How often are earthquake drills practiced in Japan?

Regularly.

What was a significant code change in Japan after the Kobe earthquake?

Building codes were tightened.

What technology helps automatically stop trains during an earthquake?

Seismic detection systems.

What was the emergency response for the Fukushima nuclear power plant?

A state of emergency was declared.

During disaster response, what role does GIS play?

It coordinates the response efforts.

What was Nepal's short-term response to the 2015 earthquake criticized for?

Being too slow.

What type of shelters were set up in Japan after the earthquake?

Temporary shelters in schools.

What should risk assessments evaluate after a hazard event?

Effectiveness of emergency aid distribution.

What can improve the preparedness of populations at risk of earthquakes?

Education about risks and safety actions.

What are some long-term planning strategies after an earthquake?

Improving building codes and planning for vulnerable areas.

In risk assessments, what does risk refer to?

The probability of harmful consequences from a hazard event.

What links vulnerability and risk in hazard mapping?

Identifying areas most likely to suffer damage during earthquakes.

What is the purpose of rebuilding after an earthquake?

To create safer structures and reduce future risks.

Which international organization provided funding for Nepal's rehabilitation post-earthquake?

Asian Development Bank.

What significant disaster management strategy is emphasized for Japan?

Building Back Better.

What type of infrastructure enhancements were made in Japan after the 2011 earthquake?

New tsunami walls and enhanced warning systems.

What building feature can help reduce damage during an earthquake?

Shock absorbers.

What measure can be taken to avoid collapse during an earthquake in buildings?

Reinforced concrete.

What is critical for managing the impacts of earthquakes?

Emergency planning.

How can education minimize injuries during an earthquake?

Teaching people how to secure furniture and belongings.

What geographical feature does Japan have that helps mitigate earthquake damage?

Seawalls.

What critical response is necessary immediately after an earthquake?

Searching collapsed buildings to rescue trapped people.

What type of disaster aid is often distributed during earthquake responses?

Food and medical assistance.

What role does the government play in earthquake preparedness?

Establishing building codes and regulations.

Why is earthquake education important in urban areas?

Because urban areas typically have denser populations.

What was a major criticism of Nepal's earthquake preparedness?

Insufficient emergency supplies.

What system in Japan helps quickly communicate disaster warnings?

A tsunami warning service.

What was one consequence of ignoring tsunami warnings in Japan?

People were caught off-guard by the tsunami.

What kind of training is needed for new buildings to be earthquake-resistant?

Stonemason training courses.

What national authority was established in Nepal for earthquake recovery?

National Reconstruction Authority.

What factor increases the risk of earthquakes causing deaths and damage?

High population density in vulnerable areas.

What was a critical outcome of the international donor meeting held in Nepal?

US$4.4 billion pledged for reconstruction.

What did NGOs provide to support earthquake relief efforts?

Shelter, food, water, and medical aid.