Spanish ser and estar

present progressive

• ing form (ando or iendo)

How do you form the present progressive with estar?

• use the present tense of estar and the gerund (ando)ex. estoy hablando (I am speaking) 

What are the e→ I stem changers in present progressive?

• servir

• pedir

• decir

• seguir

• repetir

O—> U stem changers?

• dormir

• morir

What are the double vowel (i- sandwhich) verbs in present progressive?

• caer

• construir

• contribuir

• influir

• oir

• traer

• leer

• just look for 3 vowles in a row

Adjectives with ser and estar 

• permanent, long lasting characteristic - use ser 

• temporary, what's happening in the moment - use estar 

bueno/a

ser - to be good (a good person)

estar - to be tasty (food) or to be attractive

malo/a

ser- to be bad (bad person)

estar- to be spoiled (food) or to be sick

listo/a

ser- to be bright/ clever

estar- to be ready 

rico/a

ser- to be rich

estar- to be tasty (food)

aburrido/a

ser- to be boring

estar - to be bored 

nervisoso/a

ser- to be a nervous person

estar - to be nervous in the moment 

interesado/a

ser- to be self interested

estar - to be interested (in something or someone) 

orgulloso/a

ser- to be proud/ conceited

estar - to be pleased or proud (of somtehing or someone) 

past participles

• -ado or -ido

• use estar + a verb with ado or ido at the end

• means -ed in english

estar vestido (de)

to be dressed (in)

estar acostumbrado

to be accustomed

estar precupado

to be worried

estar ocupado

to be busy

estar ofendido

to be offended

estar asustado

to be frightened

estar avergonzado

to be embarrassed

estar embarazada

to be pregnant

estar muuerto de….

to be dying of…

• sed - thirst

• hambre- hunger

• sueno- exhaustion 

• miedo- fear

• vergúenza - embarrassment 

estar equivocado

to be mistaken/wrong

estar perdido

to be lost

estar sano

to be healthy

estar confundido

to be confused

estar vivo

to be alive/ living (irregular)

estar interesado

to be interested

estar enamorado

to be in love

esttar enojado 

to be angry 

estar deprimido

to be depressed

estar aburrido

to be bored

estar abierto

to be opened (irregular)

estar cerrado

to be closed

estar roto

to be broken (irregular)

estar entusiasmado (con) 

to be excited (about)