A&PII Unit Four Examination - Vocab

Alimentary Canal

the hollow muscular tube from mouth to anis

Anuria

abnormally low urinary output if its less than 100 mL/day

Blastocyte

an undifferentiated, formative cell found in the early stages of an embryo

ball-like structure

CCK

Influence the release of pancreatic juice and bile

produced in small intestine, simulates gallbladder to contract and pancreas to release enzymes

Chief cells

Cells of the gastric glands that secrete inactive pepsinogen

Chyme

the semifluid stomach contents consisting of partially digested food and gastric secretions

Cleavage

an early embryonic phase consisting of rapid cell divisions without intervening growth periods

Conceptus

pregnant woman’s developing offspring

Defecation

the discharge of feces from the body

Degultition

the act of swallowing

Digestion

the process of breaking down food by mechanical and enzymatic action in the alimentary canal into substances that can be used by the body

Embryo

an organism in its early stages of development

first 2 months

Fertilization

fusion of the nuclear material of an egg and sperm

Fetus

un unborn young

period from the third month of development until birth

Gametes

male or female sex cell

sperm and egg

Gastric pits

funnel-shaped depression in the mucous membrane lining the stomach

opening for gastric glands

Gastrointestinal tract

continuous hollow muscular tube including all structures from mouth to anis

Glomerulus

a knot of coiled capillaries in the kidney

forms filtrate

Gonads

organs producing gametes

ovaries or testes

Hard palate

roof of mouth formed by the fusion of the two maxillae bones

Haustra

rocketlike sacs caused by tone of the teniae coli of the colon

Implantation

the attachment of the fertilized egg (blastocyte) to the wall of the uterus at the start of pregnancy

burrows into the endometrium

Masticate

chew

Micturition

urination

voiding/emptying the bladder

Nephron

structural and functional unit of the kidney

Nocturia

waking up one or more times per night to urinate

Oliguria

abnormally low urinary output between 100 and 400 mL/day

Oogenesis

the process of formation of the ova

Ovum

the female gamete (germ cell)

egg

Parietal cells

cells of the gastric glands that produce hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Parturition

childbirth

Peristalsis

the waves of contraction seen in tubelike organs

propel substances along the tract

Peyer’s patches

local collections of lymphatic tissues

Placenta

the temporary organ that provides nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus, carries away wastes, and produces the hormones of pregnancy

Polyuria

production of abnormally large volumes of dilute urine

Renal calculi

crystals that precipitate in the renal pelvis that comes extremely concentrated urine

Secretin

a hormone released into the bloodstream by the duodenum to stimulate secretion by the liver and pancreas

Secretion

the passage of material formed by a cell to its external

Segmentation

the mixing of foodstuffs by the alternating contraction and relaxation of the circular muscle layer in the muscular external of the GI tract

Soft palate

portion of the roof of the mouth that is not supported by bone

Specific gravity

compares how much heavier (more dense) urine is than distilled water

Spermatogenesis

the process of sperm production in the male

Spermiogenesis

the last stage of sperm development in which all excess cytoplasm is sloughed off and the sperm takes its mature shape

Trigone

smooth, triangular region of the bladder formed by the openings of the two ureters and the urethra

Ureters

tubes that carry urine from kidney to bladder

Urethra

the canal through which urine passes from the bladder to the outside of the body

Zygote

the fertilized ovum

produced by union of two gametes