ANATOMY - Bones, Bony Landmarks, and Ligaments

Term: Retinacula

Definition: deep fascia formed which hold tendons in place

Term: Bursae

Definition: closed sacs containing lubricating fluid that reduces friction

axial skeleton

cranium, vertabrae, ribs, sternum

appendicular skeleton

bones of the limbs

example of a long bone

humerus

example of a short bone

carpal bones

example of a flat bone

flat bones of the skull

example of a irregular bone

vertebra

example of a sesamoid bone

patella

types of fibrous joints

suture (Skull bones), syndesmosis (radius and ulna), gomphosis (teeth)

types of cartilaginous joints

Primary (epiphysis) and secondary (Intervertebral discs)

primary cartilaginous joints have what kind of cartilage?

hyaline cartilage

secondary cartilaginous joints have what kind of cartilage?

fibrous cartilage surrounded by hyaline cartilage

types of synovial joints

uniaxial, biaxial, multiaxial

uniaxial joint that permits flexion and extension e.g. elbow joint

hinge joint

uniaxial joint that permits rotation around a central axis e.g. radioulnar joint

pivot joint

uniaxial joint that permits sliding movement e.g. acromioclavicular joint

plane joint

biaxial joint that permits abduction/adduction, flexion/extension and circumduction e.g. first carpo-metacarpal joint

saddle joint

biaxial joint that permits abduction/adduction, flexion/extension and minimal circumduction. movement is in one axis more than the other e.g. metacarpal joint

condyloid

multiaxial joint that permits abduction/adduction, flexion/extension, medial/lateral rotation and circumduction e.g. shoulder and hip joint

ball and socket joint

What is number 1?

epiphysis

What is number 2?

epiphyseal plate

what is number 3?

Diaphysis

What is number 4?

metaphysis

What is number 1?

Jugular notch

What is number 2?

Manubrium

What is number 3?

Sternal angle

What is number 4?

body of sternum

What is number 5?

Xiphoid Process

What is number 6?

Costal cartilage (CC)

What is number 7?

Costal margin (7th-10th CC)

What is number 8?

true ribs (1st-7th)

What is number 9?

False ribs (8th-12th)

What is number 10?

floating ribs (11th-12th)

How many vertebrae are there?

33

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

7

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

12

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

5

How many sacral vertebrae are there?

5

How many coccygeal vertebrae are there?

4

What is number 1?

Pedicle

What is number 2?

Transverse process

What is number 3?

lamina

What is number 4?

spinous process

What is number 5?

vertebral body

What is number 6?

vertebral arch

What is number 7?

superior vertebral notch

What is number 8?

superior articular process

What is number 9?

pars interarticularis

What is number 10?

inferior vertebral notch

What is number 11?

inferior articular process

What is number 1?

vertebral foramen

What is number 2?

intervertebral foramen

what is the function of the spinous process of vertebrae?

Muscle attachment and movement

What is the function of the articular processes of vertebrae?

restriction of movement

what is the function of the vertebral arch?

protection of the spinal cord

What is the function of the vertebral body?

support of body weight

which cervical vertebrae are typical?

C3-C6

What makes the C7 atypical?

vertebra prominens

What makes the atlas (C1) atypical?

2 arches, 2 tubercules, 2 lateral masses

what makes the axis (C2) atypical?

the dens (odontoid process)

What is number 1?

posterior sacral foramen

What is number 2?

sacral canal

What is number 3?

superior articular facet

What is number 4?

auricular surface

What is number 5?

lateral sacral crest

What is number 6?

median sacral crest

What is number 7?

medial sacral crest

What is number 8?

sacral hiatus

What is number 9?

sacral cornua

What is number 10?

sacrococcygeal joint

What is number 11?

coccygeal cornu

What is number 12?

coccyx

intervertebral discs are what kind of joint?

secondary cartilaginous joint

the outer ring of intervertebral discs are called?

anulus fibrosus

the inner ring of intervertebral discs are called?

nucleus pulposus

the joints on the lateral sides of vertebral bodies are called?

uncovertebral joints

the joints between articular processes of vertebrae are called

zygapophyseal joints

zygapophyseal joints are what kind of joints?

Plane synovial joints

What is number 1?

Posterior longitudinal ligament

What is the function of the Posterior longitudinal ligament?

prevent hyperflexion

What is number 2?

anterior longitudinal ligament

What is the function of the anterior longitudinal ligament?

prevents hyperextension

What is number 3?

Ligamentum flavum

what does Ligamentum flavum connect?

laminae

What is the function(s) of Ligamentum flavum?

prevents hyperextension and elasticity helps extend after flexion

What is number 4?

interspinous ligament

What is number 5?

supraspinous ligament

What kind of joint is the atlanto-occipital joint?

condyloid (synovial) joint

What is the function of the atlanto-occipital joint?

flexion and extension, “yes” movement

what two structures are the atlanto-occipital joints between?

lateral mass of C1 & occipital condyles

T/F: the atlanto-axial joint has intervertebral discs

False

What kind of joint is the median atlanto-axial joint?

pivot joint

What kind of joint are the lateral atlanto-axial joints?

plane joints

What is number 1?

alar ligaments

what is number 2?

Longitudinal fasicles

What is number 3?

Transverse ligament of atlas

What is number 4?

cruciform ligament

What is number 1?

alar ligaments

alar ligaments and Apical ligament of dens connect what two structures?

dens and foramen magnum