Cytotoxic Chemotherapy Class and Mechanism/Resistance

Bendamustine

Alkylating agent, Nitrogen mustard, Cell cycle non-specific

Chlorambucil

Alkylating agent, Nitrogen mustard, Cell cycle non-specific

Cyclophosphamide

Alkylating agent, Nitrogen mustard, Cell cycle non-specific

Ifosfamide

Alkylating agent, Nitrogen mustard, Cell cycle non-specific

Melphalan

Alkylating agent, Nitrogen mustard, Cell cycle non-specific

Mechlorethamine

Alkylating agent, Nitrogen mustard, Cell cycle non-specific

Carmustine

Alkylating agent, Nitrosoureas, Cell cycle non-specific

Lomustine

Alkylating agent, Nitrosoureas, Cell cycle non-specific

Streptozocin

Alkylating agent, Nitrosoureas, Cell cycle non-specific

Cisplatin

Alkylating agent, Platinum analog, Cell cycle non-specific

Carboplatin

Alkylating agent, Platinum analog, Cell cycle non-specific

Oxaliplatin

Alkylating agent, Platinum analog, Cell cycle non-specific

Busulfan

Alkylating agent, Cell cycle non-specific

Dacarbazine

Alkylating agent, Cell cycle non-specific

Lurbinectedin

Alkylating agent, Cell cycle non-specific

Procarbazine

Alkylating agent, Cell cycle non-specific

Temozolomide

Alkylating agent, Cell cycle non-specific

Thiotepa

Alkylating agent, Cell cycle non-specific

Cladribine

Antimetabolite, Purine analog, S phase cell specific

Clofarabine

Antimetabolite, Purine analog, S phase cell specific

Fludarabine

Antimetabolite, Purine analog, S phase cell specific

Mercaptopurine

Antimetabolite, Purine analog, S phase cell specific

Nelarabine

Antimetabolite, Purine analog, S phase cell specific

Pentostatin

Antimetabolite, Purine analog, S phase cell specific

Thioguanine

Antimetabolite, Purine analog, S phase cell specific

Azacitidine

Antimetabolite/hypomethylating agent, Pyrimidine analog, S phase cell specific

Capecitabine

Antimetabolite, Pyrimidine analog, S phase cell specific

Cytarabine

Antimetabolite, Pyrimidine analog, S phase cell specific

Decitabine

Antimetabolite/hypomethylating agent , Pyrimidine analog, S phase cell specific

Gemcitabine

Antimetabolite, Pyrimidine analog, S phase cell specific

Fluoruracil

Antimetabolite, Pyrimidine analog, S phase cell specific

Trifluridine/Tipiracil

Antimetabolite, Pyrimidine analog, S phase cell specific

Methotrexate

Antimetabolite, Antifolate, S phase cell specific

Pemetrexed

Antimetabolite, Antifolate, S phase cell specific

Pralatrexate

Antimetabolite, Antifolate, S phase cell specific

Trabectedin

Alkylating agent, antitumor antibiotic, Cell cycle non-specific

Irinotecan

Enzyme inhibitor, Topoisomerase I inhibitor, S phase

Topotecan

Enzyme inhibitor, Topoisomerase I inhibitor, S phase

Daunorubicin

Enzyme inhibitor, Topoisomerase II inhibitor, Anthracycline, Cell cycle non-specific

Doxorubicin

Enzyme inhibitor, Topoisomerase II inhibitor, Anthracycline, Cell cycle non-specific

Idarubicin

Enzyme inhibitor, Topoisomerase II inhibitor, Anthracycline, Cell cycle non-specific

Epirubicin

Enzyme inhibitor, Topoisomerase II inhibitor, Anthracycline, Cell cycle non-specific

Mitoxantrone

Enzyme inhibitor, Anthracenediones

Etoposide

Enzyme inhibitor, Anthracenediones, Epipodophyllotoxins, G2 phase specific

Vincristine

Antimicrotubule, Vinca alkaloid, M phase

Vinblastine

Antimicrotubule, Vinca alkaloid, M phase

Vinorelbine

Antimicrotubule, Vinca alkaloid, M phase

Docetaxel

Antimicrotubule, Taxanes, M phase

Paclitaxel

Antimicrotubule, Taxanes, M phase

Cabazitaxel

Antimicrotubule, Taxanes, M phase

Ixabepilone

Antimicrotubule, Epothilones, M phase

Eribulin

Antimicrotubule, Halichondrins, M phase

Asparaginase

G1 phase

Bleomycin

G2 phase, antitumor antibiotic

Teniposide

Enzyme inhibitor, Anthracenediones, Epipodophyllotoxins

Belinostat

Histone deacetylase inhibitor

Panobinostat

Histone deacetylase inhibitor

Romidepsin

Histone deacetylase inhibitor

Vorinostat

Histone deacetylase inhibitor

Azacitidine

DNA methyltransferase inhibitor

Decitabine

DNA methyltransferase inhibitor

Bortezomib

proteasome inhibitor

Carfilzomib

proteasome inhibitor

Ixazomib

proteasome inhibitor

Dactinomycin

antitumor antibiotic, cell cycle nonspecific

mitomycin

antitumor antibiotic, cell cycle nonspecific

increased efflux / reduced uptake

platinums, topoisomerase I inhibitors, anthracyclines, taxanes, vincas

Mutation/polymorphisms in target

alkylating agents, etoposide, ifosfamide, doxorubicin, vincas

Altered CYP activity

taxanes, vincas, cyclophosphamide, dacarbazine, procarbazine, thiotepa

DNA methylation

capecitabine, irinotecan

increased target expression

antimetabolites, topoisomerase I inhibitors, topoisomerase II inhibitors

increased DNA repair

platinums, etoposide, irinotecan, gemcitabine, doxorubicin

mutations in tubulin

antimicrotubules (vincas, taxanes, etc)

activation of survival pathways/mutated tumor suppressors (p53)/increased expression of antiapoptotic proteins (BCL2, FLIP)

alkylating agents, antimetabolites, topoisomerase I inhibitors, bortezomib