T13

Flashcards based on the research by Castelli Gattinara, Froio, and Pirro regarding the drivers and organizational factors of far-right activism in Europe.

Far-right protest mobilisation

The demonstrative, confrontational, and violent protests carried out by far-right collective actors including parties, movement-parties, and social movements.

Study Dataset

A unique collection of $4,845$ protest events across $11$ European countries documented between $2008$ and $2018$.

Grievance models

Theories suggesting that social frustration and feelings of injustice lead to collective protest, where greater grievances increase the likelihood of mobilisation.

Economic grievances

Factors like poor economic performance or GDP growth which the study found were not significant predictors of far-right protest mobilisation.

Cultural grievances

Perceived threats triggered by increased immigration levels, identifying immigration as a strong correlate for more far-right protests.

Institutional grievances

Dissatisfaction with democracy and distrust in political elites, which tested as a non-significant predictor in this specific study.

Political Opportunity Structures (POS)

Theoretical framework suggesting protests are more likely in favorable environments, such as when governments are divided or actors have political allies.

Discursive Opportunity Structures (DOS)

The public visibility and legitimacy of far-right frames in the media that encourage mobilisation by making extremist ideas more mainstream.

Resource mobilisation theory

A theory emphasizing that protest depends on internal group capabilities, such as activist networks and organizational structures, rather than just grievances.

Movement-party hybridity

An organizational resource where far-right parties also operate like social movements to mobilize more effectively.

Negative binomial regression models

The statistical methods used in the study to account for over-dispersed count data when analyzing rare and frequent protest events.

Counter-movements

Anti-fascist or anti-racist groups that unintentionally stimulate or energize far-right mobilisation rather than suppressing it.

Divided governments

Political instability or internal conflicts among ruling parties that provide opportunities encouraging far-right protests.

Radical right

A classification for groups that often maintain a moderate image to appeal to broader audiences, distinguished in some hypotheses from the extreme right.

Strategic mobilisation

The concept that far-right actors are proactive political agents who capitalize on favorable conditions rather than simply reacting to circumstances.