lecture18a-abdominal viscera

gaster

stomach is from the Greek...

region that surrounds the cardial orifice or gastric inlet

what is the cardia or cardiac portion of the stomach?

at T11 level just to the L of the median plane

where does the cardia or cardiac portion of the stomach lie?

the rounded, most superior region of the stomach

what is the fundus of the stomach?

left diaphragmatic dome

what does the fundus of the stomach fill?

above and to the left of the cardia

where does the fundus of the stomach lie?

fundus

which structure of the stomach typically contains a gas bubble seen on radiograph?

body of stomach

what is the major portion of the stomach?

between the fundus and pyloric antrum of the stomach

where does the body of the stomach lie?

pyloric region

which structure of the stomach is a muscular funnel?

four

how many components can the pyloric region be subdivided into?

wide part of the pyloric area distal to the body

describe the pyloric antrum

a narrow, constricted area between the pyloric antrum and the pylorus

what is the pyloric canal?

pylorus

what is the area that separates the stomach from the duodenum?

thickening of the walls of the pylorus

what forms the pyloric sphincter?

to the right of the midline at L1

where is the pyloric sphincter located?

convex

the greater curvature is the ___ border of the stomach, united to the greater omentum

concave

the lesser curvature is the ___ border of the stomach, united to the lesser omentum

separate the body from pyloric region on lesser curvature

what does the angular incisura or notch of the stomach do?

longitudinal ridges of mucous membranes

what is rugae?

blend and mix food and gastric juices

what is the function of the stomach muscles?

oblique

what is the orientation of the innermost stomach m?

circular

what is the orientation of the middle layer stomach m?

longitudinal

what is the orientation of the outer layer stomach m?

pylorus, ileocecal junction

the small intestine extends from ___ to the ___

18 feet

approximately how long is the small intestine?

12 inches

how long is the duodenum?

8 feet

how long is the jejunum?

10-11 feet

how long is the ileum?

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

what does the small intestine consist of?

duodenum

which portion of the small intestine is a C shaped retroperitoneal structure?

head and uncinate process of pancreas

what does the duodenum curve around?

L1 and L3

between which vertebral levels does the duodenum lie?

pyloric sphincter, duodenojejual flexure

the duodenum courses from the ___ to the ___

four (d)

how many sections is the duodenum divided into?

duodenal bulb

what is the first part of the duodenum called?

first part (or superior part)

which part of the duodenal is often the site of ulcers?

L1

at what vertebral level does the first part (or superior part) of the duodenum lie?

second part (or descending portion)

at which part of the duodenum do secretions from the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas enter?

hepaticopancreatic ampulla and then the major and minor duodenal papillae

how do secretions from the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas enter the duodenum?

between L1 and L3

what spinal levels does the second part (or descending portion) of the duodenum lie?

L3 vertebral level (t)

where does the third part (or horizontal part) of the duodenum lie?

L3 vertebral level (f)

where does the forth part (or ascending part) of the duodenum lie?

duodenojejunal flexure

where does the jejunum start?

jejunum

what is the greatly coiled part of the small intestine (~240-260cm)?

empty

is the jejunum often empty or filled?

left upper quadrant

where does most of the jejunum lie?

jejunum is more muscular and contains more circular folds

how does the jejunum compare to the ileum in terms of muscular and circular folds?

reddish

what color is the jejunum?

no

is there a clear stop/start point between jejunum and ileum?

ileum

what is the greatly coiled part of the small intestine (~300-320cm)?

right lower quadrant

what does the ileum occupy?

plicae circulares

what is the name for the circular folds found in the jejunum and ileum?

pale pink to cream to green

what color is the ileum?

at the cecum in the lower right quadrrant

where does the ileum end?

ileocecal juncture to the anus

the large intestine extends from ___ to the ____

semilunar folds, haustra, teniae coli

list the distinctive features of the large intestine

interior ridges arranged transversely

what are the semilunar folds of the large intestine?

sacculations of the colon defined by semilunar folds

what are the haustra of the large intestine?

three thickened bands of muscle tissue arranged longitudinally

what is the teniae coli of the large intestine?

no (li)

is there a complete and continuous longitudinal layer of smooth muscle in the large intestine?

cecum

what is the first segment of the colon?

9cm

the cecum is a blind sac that is approximately ___ in length

ileocecal valve/sphincter

how does the cecum receive digestive wastes from the small intestines?

yes

is the ileocecal valve/sphinctera true muscular sphincter?

ileocecal junction

the region where the cecum receives digestive wastes from the small intestine through the ileocecal valve/sphincter is called the...

ascending colon

what does the cecum continue as?

5mm

the vermiform appendix is a worm-shaped blind tube approximately ___ in diameter

6-10cm

the vermiform appendix is a worm-shaped blind tube approximately ___ long

cecum

where does the appendix originate?

ileum

what does the mesoappendix connect the vermiform appendix to?

300,000

infection of the vermiform appendix occurs in approximately ___ Americans per year

surgery

what has the standard procedure for appendicitis been for more than 100 years?

with antibiotics alone

according to a large Finnish study, most patients with appendicitis can be treated how?

530 pts

the study regarding appendicitis that was published by JAMA involved how many pts aged 18-60 who agreed to have their tx at random?

restoring a healthful balance of microbes in the body

there is growing evidence for the role of the appendix in...

20-25cm

the ascending colon is a ___ long tube ascending the right side of the abdomen

hepatic or right colic flexure

the ascending colon begins at the cecum in the lower right quadrant and courses upwards to the...

true

true or false: the ascending and descending colons is retroperitoneal

transverse colon

what is the longest portion of the colon?

~45cm in length

how long is the transverse colon?

gastrocolic ligament and transverse mesocolon

how is the transverse colon attached to the stomach?

greater omentum

which omentum attaches to the anterior border of the transverse colon?

from the hepatic flexure to the splenic flexure

how does the transverse colon course?

no, it dips down in the middle and is concave superiorly

is the transverse colon a horizontal structure? why or why not?

splenic flexure to the sigmoid colon

the descending colon descends from the ___ to the ___

S-shaped

what shape is the sigmoid colon?

sigmoid mesocolon

what attaches the sigmoid colon to the posterior abdominal wall?

straight, terminal portion of the colon that lies in the true pelvis

what does the rectum refer to?

3 semicircular valves

what does the rectum contain to help collect fecal material and compact it?

anal canal

what is the rectum continuous with?