Unit 1 - Atomic Structure

Atomic Weight of an element calculation:

(Mass # for Isotope 1)(% Abundance of Isotope 1) + (Mass # for Isotope 2)(% Abundance of Isotope 2) + …

Atomic Radius/Ionic Radius

Size of the particle. Greater attraction results in smaller particles (Shells → protons →

Ionization Energy

The amount of energy needed to rip away a valence electron. Greater attraction, higher ionization energy.

Successive Ionization Energies

The amount of energy needed to take away each electron one at a time from the outside. They get larger with huge increases as you go from outer to inner shell.

Electron Affinity

The change in energy when an atom steals an electron. Greater attraction leads to more negative affinity values.

PES Data

Light hits an atom, electrons get knocked out, and energy required to remove that electron is measured. Greater nuclear charge makes peaks farther to the left.

Small Wavelengths =

Large Frequency and Large Energy

Molecular rotation

When a molecule absorbs a microwave photon, it rotates

Molecular vibration

When a molecule absorbs a infrared photon, it vibrates which stretches bonds and distorts bond angles

Electronic Transition

When a molecule absorbs a visible light photons, electrons become excited, when a molecule absorbs UV/gamma, it breaks bonds.