VMED 5172 - Small Animal Applied Vaccinology

Halting progression and preventing or lessening severity of a disease

The goals of an immune response against an antigen include...

Innate

Non-specific immunity, or ___ immunity, is the first line of defense against pathogens

Humoral and cell mediated

The two types of adaptive immunity include...

B cells transform into plasma cells, which secrete antibodies specific to an antigen

Humoral immunity involves which cell type? Describe this process.

T cells

Cell mediated immunity relies on which cell type?

We cannot correctly predict the correct timing of when a puppy or kitten will respond to a vaccination due to maternal antibodies

Why are vaccine boostered needed every 2-4 weeks until a specific age?

Host factors, vaccine factors, or human error

An absent or insufficient response to a vaccine may occur due to what major factors?

Modified live vaccines

Which vaccine type typically needs to be reconstituted with a diluent?

Slightly higher

Killed vaccines have a ___ risk of side effects

Killed vaccines; it is required in order to facilitate an immune response by better recognition

Which vaccines must have an adjuvant? Why is this?

Rabies and leptospirosis; these are zoonotic diseases

Which small animal vaccines are always given as killed vaccines? Why?

Less than 1/2 percent

What percentage of vaccine administration result in adverse events, generally?

The greater the risk of an adverse event may be in some

In general, the more vaccinations given at one time...

Fever, lethargy, hiding, reduced appetite, injection site soreness

Mild side effects of a vaccination in small animals include...

24-48 hours

Mild side effects to a vaccination will subside in what time?

Facial or leg swelling, vomiting/diarrhea, difficulty breathing, collapse, anaphylaxis

What are the more concerning side effects of a vaccine in small animals?

Minutes to hours

Anaphylaxis to a vaccine may occur within what timeframe?

The act of injection, not the vaccine itself

Injection site sarcomas are caused by?

The distal tail

Due to the possibility of injection site sarcoma in cats, what site is commonly used?

Rabies, parvovirus-2, adenovirus-2, distemper, and leptospirosis

The core vaccination for canines are?

Rabies, calicivirus, panleukopenia, and herpes virus-1

What are the core vaccines for cats?

Bordetella, influenza, parainfluenza, lame, coronavirus, and rattlesnake vaccine

Some of the non-core vaccinations available for dogs include...

For young cats, or those which have outdoor access

Feline leukemia is more commonly recommended in what situations?

7 weeks

Puppies and kittens should typically start their vaccination schedule at what age?

16 weeks

In an ideal vaccine schedule, the last puppy/kitten vaccines should be at what age?

DAPP and rabies

Which canine vaccines may be 3-year vaccines depending on state regulations?