PE-movement analysis

Whatis the function of levers?

Increase the speed at which your body can move

What are the 3 parts of levers?

Fulcrum load effort

What is the fulcrum?

Point of movement at the centre of the joint

Whatis the load?

Body’s weight or an external object and will move as a result of the effort on the lever

What is the effort?

Muscular force that moves the load

What is a description of a 1st class levers?

The fulcrum is between the effort and the load

Both the effort and the load are the same direction

Does a 1st class levers have a mechanical advantage or disadvantage?

Mechanical advantage as it can move a large load with little effort

Give an example of a 1st class lever

When ths head and neck are being extended eg a header in football or taking a breath in breaststroke

What is a 2nd class levers?

The fulcrum is at one end of the lever

The load is in the middle

The effort is at the other end to the fulcrum

The direction of effort and load are opposites

Does a 2nd class levers have a mechanical advantage or disadvantage?

Mechanical advantage because they can move a large load with little effort

The effort is further away from the fulcrum than the load

Give an example of a 2nd class lever

Stepping on your toes eg a diver on the edge of their board a long jumper as they take off or a netball standing on toes to make them big while defending

What is a 3rd class lever?

Fulcrum is at one end

Effort in the middle

Load at the other end

Does a 3rd class levers have a mechanical advantage or disadvantage?

Mechanical disadvantage as in order to move a small load it requires a large effort

The load is further away from the fulcrum than the effort

Give an example of a 3rd class lever

Flexion at the elbow or extension at the knee eg upwards phase of a biceps curl or a free kick in football

What’s a mechanical advantage?

It’s efficiency is over a small range of motion and at the expense of velocity

What is a mechanical disadvantage?

Move the load at a high velocity and generate acceleration over a large range of motion

What are the 3 planes of movement?

Sagittal frontal transverse

What is the this plane?

Sagittal plane-vertical plane that divides the body into right and left sides, movements that takes place in this plane are the up and down movements of flexion and extension

Give a sporting example of movement in the sagittal plane

Running and kicking a football

What plane is this?

Frontal plane-vertical plane that divides the body into front and back, movements that takes place are sideways movements of abduction and adduction

Give a sporting example for the frontal plane

Breastroke legs startups or cartwheels

What plane is this?

Transverse plane-horizontal that divides the body into upper and lower halves, movements that takes place are rotational

Give a sporting example for the transverse plane

Over arm bowl in cricket

What are axes like?

Invisible skewers running through the body

What are the 3 axes of movement?

Longitudinal transverse frontal

What axis is this?

Longitudinal axis-runs through the body vertically from the top to bottom

Give a sporting example of a longitudinal axis?

Pirouette in dance

What axis is this?

Transverse-runs through the body horizontally from left to right

Give a sporting example of a transverse axis

Front somersault in trampolining

What axis is this?

Frontal-runs through the body horizontal from the back to front

Give a sporting example of the frontal axis

Cartwheel in gymnastics

What plane of movement and axis of rotation is there in a forwards roll?

Sagittal plane

Transverse axis

What plane of movement and axis of rotation is there in a cartwheel?

Frontal plane

Frontal axis

What plane of movement and axis of rotation is there in a 360 degree twist?

Transverse plane

Longitudinal axis