NEBOSH Unit ID1: Workplace Health and Safety Principles

Flashcards covering socio-legal models, ILO regulations, human error theories, safety management systems, and risk assessment principles based on the ID1 Unit notes.

What is the primary role of health and safety legislation?

To 'encourage' organisations to protect employees and others by laying down minimum standards for implementation.

What is the difference between 'prescriptive' and 'goal-setting' legal models?

Prescriptive regulation mandates specific means of compliance (e.g., a shelf height), while goal-setting regulation sets outcomes but allows flexibility on how to achieve them (e.g., ensure health and safety so far as is reasonably practicable).

According to the transcript, what is a key limitation of legislation?

To be effective, it must be enforced by a separate funded agency with sufficient powers, such as the HSE (UK) or OSHA (USA).

What does Article 4 of ILO Convention C187 require each member country to do?

Formulate, implement, and periodically review a coherent national policy on occupational safety and health.

What is 'Fault Liability' in the context of compensation claims?

A system where the worker must prove in court that their injury was caused by employer negligence, involving a failure in the duty of care.

What transition occurred in New Zealand's compensation system in 1972?

It adopted a government-funded 'no fault' system operated by the Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC), replacing the negligence-based system.

Define 'General Damages' in personal injury cases.

Compensation for non-monetary aspects of harm, usually termed 'pain, suffering and loss of amenity'.

Define 'Special Damages' in personal injury cases.

Financial compensation for out-of-pocket expenses and quantifiable financial losses such as loss of wages or medical expenses.

What is the purpose of 'Punitive Damages'?

To reform or deter the defendant and others from engaging in outrageous misconduct similar to that which formed the basis of the lawsuit.

What are the three pillars of the UK HSE Enforcement Policy Statement (HSE 41)?

Proportionality, Consistency, and Transparency.

What are the four strategic objectives of the International Labour Organisation (ILO)?

1. Setting and promoting standards/rights at work. 2. Creating employment opportunities. 3. Enhancing social protection coverage. 4. Strengthening tripartism and social dialogue.

How are member states represented at the International Labour Conference?

By four delegates: two government delegates, one employer delegate, and one worker delegate.

What is the legal status of an ILO Convention once ratified by a nation?

It creates a legal obligation to apply its provisions into national law.

Under Article 16 of ILO C155, what is the general responsibility of the employer?

To ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that workplaces, machinery, equipment, and processes are safe and without risk to health.

What are the S.M.A.R.T. criteria for health and safety objectives?

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Time-constrained.

What is the 'Cranfield Man' model used for in ergonomics?

It illustrates a poorly designed lathe where the 'ideal' operator would need a height of $1.35\text{m}$ and an arm span of $2.44\text{m}$, showing the need for anthropometry in design.

What does 'Target Population' refer to in statistical sampling?

The specific group that is the focus of research and upon which conclusions will be made.

What is the formula for 'Accident Frequency Rate'?

$$(\text{Total number of accidents} / \text{Total number of man hours worked}) \times 1,000,000$$

What is the formula for 'Ill-Health Prevalence Rate'?

$$(\text{Number of people with work-related illness over 12 months} / \text{Average number of people employed}) \times 1,000$$

In James Reason’s Swiss Cheese Model, what are 'Latent Failures'?

Hidden failures in the management system (e.g., poor design, ineffective training) that remain inactive until triggered by an event.

Distinguish between 'Slips' and 'Lapses' as human errors.

Slips are 'actions-not-as-planned' (e.g., operating the wrong switch), whereas Lapses are memory failures (e.g., forgetting a step in a task).

What are the three categories of violations according to the transcript?

Routine, Situational, and Exceptional.

What is the 'Top Event' in Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)?

The particular undesired outcome or system-level event being analyzed.

Identify the four varieties of human work described by the text.

Work-as-imagined, Work-as-prescribed, Work-as-disclosed, and Work-as-done.

What is the 'Kübler-Ross Change Curve' used to manage?

The internal emotional journey individuals experience during change: shock, denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.

What is 'Terotechnology'?

A combination of management, financial, and engineering practices applied to physical assets for economic life-cycle analysis.

What was the 'Fee for Intervention' (FFI) rate cited in the text?

$£157$ per hour, per member of the HSE team.

What are the four types of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)?

Philanthropic, Environmental protection, Organisation diversity, and Volunteering commitments.

What is 'Resilience Engineering'?

The intrinsic ability of a system to adjust its functioning prior to, during, or following changes to sustain required operations under both expected and unexpected conditions.

What is the 'Safety Climate Tool' (SCT) developed by the UK HSL?

A software-based tool using 40 statements across eight factors to measure safety climate quantitatively.