Phys Chapter 18

Mouth

mechanical (chewing), chemical (salivary amylase). Wants to break down food enough to get through the intestine walls for absorption

Stomach

Has HCl and Pepsin

HCl

denatures (unfolds) proteins, activates pepsinogen which makes pepsin

Pepsin

breaks proteins into peptides

Liver

produces bile → stored in gallbladder

Gallbladder

releases bile into duodenum to breakdown fats

Pancreas

releases enzymes (amylase, lipase, trypsin) and bicarbonate

Duodenum

receives chyme (broken down food), bile, and pancreatic juice

Small intestine Carbohydrates enzymes

lactase, sucrase, maltase

Small intestine Proteins enzymes

trypsin, aminopeptidase

Small intestine Lipids enzymes

bile salts, lipase

Villi & Microvilli

increase surface area for nutrient absorption

Appendix

reservoir for beneficial bacteria; may replenish microbiome after illness