Grade 12 Myanmar Literature and History Flashcards

This set covers vocabulary from the Grade 12 Myanmar subject, focusing on the Nga Ba novel, poetic structures, and the historical evolution of Myanmar literature from the Inwa to the Konbaung eras.

Nga Ba (ငဘ)

A famous novel by author Maung Htin (မောင်ထင်) depicting the life and hardships of a Myanmar farmer during the Japanese occupation.

U Pon Nya (ဦးပုည)

A renowned Konbaung era writer known as the 'Shakespeare of Myanmar,' famous for works like the Water Seller Play (ရေသည်ပြဇာတ်).

Kabyar (ကဗျာ)

Myanmar poetry, an art form using selected words and rhymes to express a writer's life experiences and imagination.

Karan (ကာရန်)

The rhyme system in Myanmar poetry, derived from the Pali word 'Karanta' meaning the ending sound of a syllable.

Thon-Pauk (သံပေါက်)

A short poetic form characterized by the '4-3-2' or '4-3-1' syllable pattern, considered the foundation of Myanmar rhyme.

Than-Chat (သံချပ်)

A rhythmic chant typically performed in groups, characterized by a lead caller (Atine) and a responding chorus (Aphauk), often used in festivals like Thingyan.

Dway-Cho (ဒွေးချိုး)

A two-stanza poetic form consisting of an opening stanza (Akhan) and a closing stanza (A-oak).

Tri-Cho (တြိချိုး)

A three-stanza poetic form that includes an upward stanza (Tet-cho), an opening stanza (Khan-cho), and a closing stanza (Oak-cho).

Lay-Cho (လေးချိုး)

A four-stanza poetic form that combines elements of Dway-cho and Tri-cho, often used for complex thematic expressions.

Inwa Era (အင်းဝခေတ်)

Known as the 'Pyo Era' (ပျို့ခေတ်) in literature, established in 726 ME, and famous for monk-scholars like Shin Maha Rahta Thara.

Konbaung Era (ကုန်းဘောင်ခေတ်)

The final era of the Myanmar monarchy (1115–1247 ME), during which diverse literary forms like dramas and travelogues flourished.

Meik-thar-sar (မေတ္တာစာ)

A literary genre of 'loving-kindness letters' or admonitory letters, famously written by Kyee Kan Shin Gyi and Ashin Ukkantha Mala.

Ay-Gyin (ဧချင်း)

A historical cradle song or lullaby written for royal infants to recount the glory of their ancestors and royal lineage.

Maw-Goon (မော်ကွန်း)

An epic poem written to record significant historical events, military victories, or royal ceremonies for future generations.

Parayana Wuthtu (ပါရာယနဝတ္ထု)

Considered the oldest Myanmar prose story, written by Shin Maha Thilawuntha, focusing on the lives of eight noble persons.

Nan-Phote (နန်းဖော့)

A character in the 'Nga Ba' novel, a Kayin woman who assists the Myanmar army in a battle against the Japanese.

Shin Maha Thilawuntha (ရှင်မဟာသီလဝံသ)

A famous Inwa era monk-scholar who excelled in Dhamma-based poetry and prose, author of 'Paramidaw Khan Pyo'.

Mya Nandar (မြနန္ဒာ)

A famous colonial-era song written by Nanto-shae Saya Tin, celebrating Mandalay and promoting national pride.

Pe-Lay-Pin Shin-Lay-Par (ပေလေးပင် ရှင်လေးပါး)

A literary omen in the year 800 ME referring to the emergence of four great monk-poets: Shin Ottamakyaw, Shin Maha Thilawuntha, Shin Ohn Nyo, and Shin Khaymar.

Khwa-Htoke Karan (ခွာထောက်ကာရန်)

A specific 'split-rhyme' technique used in Tri-cho and Lay-cho to link stanzas together.