Earth Science and Geology Review

Vocabulary concepts from the lecture notes concerning earth science, atmosphere, energy types, and geological formations.

Subsoil layer

The layer of soil that contains less organic material and more mineral material than the other layers.

Strike-slip fault

Forms when rocks along one side of a fault move horizontally along the fault.

Shield Volcano

Sapphire gemstone

consists of corundum with traces of iron or titanium that gives it a distinctive blue color.

Breccia

Sedimentary rock consists of rough angular fragments embedded in hardend sand or clay

Drumlins

Are hills that forms when advancing glaciers overrun old piles of till

Uniformitarianism

view claims that understanding modern geological processes

is the Key to understanding the Earth’s geological history.

Natural selection

Darwin based his evolutionary ideas on natural selection

Continental shelf

The sandy, gently slope underwater plain that borders the coast of continents

AUV

Type of oceanographic vessel is lowered trom

Surtace ship near the area to be studied and can aperate without any outside guidance.

Ionosphere

layer of the atmosphere acts like a giant mirror bouncing certain types of radio waves back down toward the ground.

Angle of sun’s rays

The sun outputs the same amcunt of

energy In summer and winter, but summer is much warmer than winter

What factor of insolation has the most difference