chem

What do the rows in the Modern Periodic Table represent?

Periods, which indicate the principal energy level.

What do the columns in the Modern Periodic Table represent?

Groups/Families, which have similar chemical properties.

What is the valence electron configuration for elements in the s-block?

Groups 1–2 + He, with 1–2 valence electrons.

Which groups are included in the p-block of the Modern Periodic Table?

Groups 13–18, with valence electrons equal to group number minus 10.

What type of elements are found in the d-block?

Transition metals, which are in Groups 3–12.

Which groups correspond to Alkali metals?

Group 1, which are very reactive and lose 1 electron.

What properties characterize nonmetals?

Dull appearance, poor conductors, and may exist as gases or liquids.

Which element type is characterized by properties of both metals and nonmetals?

Metalloids.

What do alkali earth metals correspond to in the Modern Periodic Table?

Group 2, which are reactive and lose 2 electrons.

What is the electron configuration tip for identifying valence electrons in s & p blocks?

The Group number equals the number of valence electrons.

What happens to the size of atoms when they form cations and anions?

Cations are smaller due to loss of valence electrons, while anions are larger due to gain of electrons.

What is the trend in ionization energy across a period and down a group?

Ionization energy increases across a period and decreases down a group.

What mnemonic can help remember diatomic nonmetals?

‘FONClBrISCH’, which stands for F₂, O₂, N₂, Cl₂, Br₂, I₂, S₈, H₂.

How does the reactivity of metals change on the periodic table?

Reactivity increases down a group and toward the left.

What is the configuration ending for the f-block elements?

Ends in f¹–¹⁴, corresponding to lanthanides and actinides.