Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry - Organic Chemistry: Synthetic Polymers

These flashcards cover key concepts related to addition and condensation polymerisation, including definitions, structures, and disposal issues of synthetic polymers.

What is an addition polymer?

An addition polymer is formed by joining many small molecules called monomers.

What are common examples of addition polymers?

Common examples include poly(ethene) and poly(propene).

What is the relationship between a monomer and its repeat unit in an addition polymer?

The repeat unit has the same atoms as the monomer because no other molecule is formed in the reaction.

How can you deduce the structure of a monomer from the repeat unit?

To deduce the structure, replace C-C with C=C and remove brackets and 'n' from the repeat unit.

What are some disposal problems associated with addition polymers?

Addition polymers are unable to biodegrade and can produce toxic gases when burned, releasing CO2 that contributes to global warming.

What is condensation polymerisation?

Condensation polymerisation involves a dicarboxylic acid reacting with a diol to produce a polyester and water.

What by-product is formed during condensation polymerisation?

A small molecule, specifically water, is formed as a by-product with each bond formed between two monomers.

What are the functional groups present in a diol and dicarboxylic acid?

A diol contains 2 alcohol (OH) functional groups, while a dicarboxylic acid contains 2 carboxylic acid (COOH) functional groups.

What is a biopolyester?

A biopolyester is a type of polyester that is biodegradable, making it easier to dispose of compared to other polyesters.

How do you write the structural formula of a polyester from its monomers?

Identify the OH and H that will be lost from the carboxylic acids and alcohols and join the molecules at these points.