England: Notable Organizations and Movements

1096 - University of Oxford (All Facts)

• In 1214, it received its first privileges

• In 1382, their principal tenets were condemned in the Blackfriars Council, which took steps to stamp out heresy within the namesake institution, so threatening the University’s independence

1209 - University of Cambridge (All Facts)

Parliament of England (All Facts)

• Established during the reign of Henry III as a means of implementing the “Provisions of Oxford”

1380s - 1500s - Lollardy / Lollards (All Facts)

• Proto-Protestant Christian religious movement in England (initially) led by John Wycliffe and informed by his teachings

• They emphasized the importance of ordinary people reading the Bible for themselves

• Their principal tenets were condemned in the Blackfriars Council of 1382, which took steps to stamp out heresy within the University of Oxford, so threatening the University’s independence

  • When this occurred, many of Wycliffe’s followers submitted and the University of Oxford dismissed Wycliffe for heresy

1382 - Winchester College (All Facts)

• Founded by William of Wykeham

• It was a boys boarding school

• Represented the fashionable area of concern at the time that was education

1440 - Eton College (All Facts)

• Founded by King Henry VI, it was located in Buckinghamshire

• It

  • was a boys boarding school

  • housed clerks to pray for the king

  • taught grammar to 25 poor scholars

  • had a school master which was required to teach other applicants on demand

• Its establishment was due to the

  • attention focused on the importance of good teachers

    • clergymen who set themselves up as schoolmasters may well perform quite adequately, but in the end lacked real teaching qualifications, a problem, pronounced in the teaching of Latin grammar, noted in a report by William Bingham to King Henry VI, which detailed the extent of the problem and which prompted him to establish the namesake institution

      • Bingham noted that some 70 schools prior to the namesake had to be forced to close down because of the scarcity of masters and stressed that, without good teachers, the church would be weakened, since no new clergymen would be taught

• Its creation prompted the establishment of a special college for the training of the teachers who would be sent out to educate the young

1509 - 1559 - English Reformation (All Facts)

• Movement which began as a controversy over King Henry VIII’s matrimonial problems and evolved into a political revolution in England

• Movement in which England broke with the Roman Catholic Church

• Movement in which the King of England needed to carry public opinion with him, causing him to increasingly seek the support of parliament

• Movement in which the following developments took place:

  • Convocations of Canterbury and York

  • 1533 Submission of the Clergy Act

  • 1534 Supremacy Act

  • 1534 Succession Act