period 4 vocab - b

7,8, & 9

Holocaust

an event of mass human genocide that was enacted by the Nazis to kill all Jews in europe, plus 5 million others, including the creation of concentration camps to process the deaths; reduced the Jewish population of Europe and facilitated the creation of the State of Israel in the Middle East as a homeland for the Jews

League of Nations

an organization established as a part of the Treaty of Versailles, to promote international cooperation and peace; it was essentially powerless in protecting members and though it was proposed by President Wilson, the U.S. never joined

Total War

a type of conflict that requires each country involved to mobilize its entire population in the effort to defeat the enemy - has led to increased levels of wartime casualties which now included civilians

Mexican Revolution of 1910

a rebellion that was created in response to discontent over Porfirio Diaz’s corrupt leadership - it led to the adoption of a constitution that established some land reform in the form of limited land redistribution, rights for workers and women, an dled to this nation becoming a larger economic force in North America

Great Purges

an attempt to cleanse the Soviet Union of supposed “enemies of the people” leading to nearly a million people being executed and 4-5 million or more sentences to forced labor in the gulags in the 1930s.

Russian Revolution of 1917

A period of political and social revolution that took place during the First World War, which saw a monarchy abolished

Great Depression

the worst economic downturn in the history of the industrialized world, lasting from 1929 to 1939

Collectivization

the process of reform to improve industrialization and agricultural output, leading to abolition of private property, peasants forced onto larger and more industrialized farms, decreased human rights and the creation of gulags in the USSR and widespread poverty in China.

Palestine Liberation Organization

an organization under the leadership of Yasser Arafat; the group believed an armed struggle was necessary to liberate Palestine after the loss by Arab states in the Arab-Israeli War

Anti-Apartheid Movement

an organization that opposed South Africa’s system of racist policies by supporting South Africa’s non-white - it cooperated with the U.N. in creating sanctions against South Africa

Soviet-Afghan War

the proxy war that resulted from the rise of a communist party in this country whose policies were in direct opposition to Muslim beliefs and led to local resistance, leading to the USSR invading - this lead to a nine year war in which western nations, including the U.S. sided with the Islamic warriers but the resulting post-war political instability that allowed the Taliban to rise to power

Proxy Wars

a series of conflicts instigated by a major power that does not itself become involved, but heavily influences one side in their own self-interest - these increased during the Cold war; examples include the korean war, vietnam war, soviet-afghan war

White Revolution

was a series of reforms in Iran launched by the Shah; his efforts of modernization of the economy, infrastructure and cultural aspects that led to the increased productivity of the economy; led to increased tensions with clergy and peasants, which would eventually lead to the Shah's downfall in the Iranian Revolution of 1979

Perestroika

the economic program launched by Gorbachev to reform the communist econoy and allow some freedoms to Soviet industry and businesses but it ultimately led to the rise of capitalism and the eventual downfall of the Soviet state

Indian National congress

an organization established by Western-educated elite in this country in an effort to win a voice in the government and became a major popular movement after WW1 that led to independence from britain

Glasnost

the policy of "openess" which allowed greater cultural and intellectual freedom and ended most censorship of the media within the USSR, which eventually led to the end of the Cold War and downfall of Soviet Union

Satyagraha movement

was the philosophy of non-violent political action against British rule, which went to influence future non-violent movements, including the American Civil Rights movement and Martin Luther King Jr's political philosophy

Nuclear Proliferation

the process of the spread of these weapons, technology and information to nations not recognized as "Weapon States"; it has been opposed by many nations with and without these types of weapons

Neoliberalism

an ideology that sees the free market as the main mechanism for ensuring economic growth, with a severely restricted role fo government - it was especially advocated by Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan

European Economic Community

a regional trade agreement with the goal to dissolve tariffs on this continent, increase free trade and create a common currency, which lead to increased economic prosperity post-WWII

United Nations

an international organization of states formed to promote international peace and security; it also provides humanitarian assistance around the world to areas in need through a variety of organizations that work to facilitate international cooperation

pacific rim economies

the geographic area which contains countries that rapidly industrialized and modernized after decolonization (i.e. Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan) and became a hotbed of technological innovation and export and key players in globalization

Second Wave Feminism

a movement that revived in the 1960s with a different agend than earlier suffrage movements, which included equal rights for women in employment and education, women’s rights to control their bodies, and the end of patriarchal domination

Liberation Theology

a movement that was active in Latin America, led by roman catholics, which argues that christians need to engage in the pursuit of social justice and human rights