Chapter 18: Nutrition in older adults

Why is functional status a better indicator of health in older adults than chronological age?

Functional status reflects an individual's ability to perform daily activities and manage health, while chronological age does not account for individual differences in health and capabilities.

What are three nutrient recommendations that differ between older and younger adults?

1. Increased protein intake (10-35% of kcal) for older adults. 2. Higher Vitamin B12 needs due to absorption issues. 3. Adjusted Calcium recommendations for bone health.

What are two reasons to tailor health promotion for older adults?

1. Heterogeneity in health status and functional abilities among older adults. 2. Variability in social support and living conditions.

What is the Hayflick theory?

It is a programmed aging theory that suggests there is a limit to the number of times a cell can divide, linked to telomere length.

What does the oxidative stress theory of aging propose?

It suggests that aging results from cumulative damage caused by free radicals and oxidative stress over time.

List three risk factors for poor nutrition in older adults.

1. Hunger and poverty. 2. Functional disability. 3. Social isolation.

What is the impact of social isolation on older adults' nutrition?

Social isolation can lead to reduced food intake and lower calorie consumption, as meals eaten alone tend to be less nutritious.

What are the protein needs for older adults?

Older adults may require increased protein intake, especially if consuming low-calorie diets, to maintain muscle mass and overall health.

What is the average Vitamin A intake for older adults compared to the RDA?

The average intake is below the RDA, and older adults are more vulnerable to toxicity.

How does aging affect Vitamin D synthesis?

Aging decreases the skin's ability to synthesize Vitamin D, and certain medications may interfere with its absorption.

What is the significance of Vitamin B12 for older adults?

Many older adults have difficulty absorbing Vitamin B12, leading to potential deficiencies that can cause irreversible neurological symptoms.

Why is Calcium important for older adults?

Calcium is crucial for bone health, nerve function, and muscle contraction, but absorption declines with age.

What are the potential risks of excessive Calcium intake?

Excessive Calcium can lead to kidney damage, calcium deposits, and interference with the absorption of other minerals like zinc and iron.

What role does Magnesium play in older adults' health?

Magnesium is needed for bone formation, nerve activity, and glucose utilization, but older adults often have intakes below the RDA.

What is the relationship between sodium and potassium intake in older adults?

Older adults often consume too much sodium, and it is important to balance sodium intake with potassium to maintain electrolyte balance.

What is the effect of polypharmacy on older adults' nutrition?

Polypharmacy can lead to nutrient deficiencies and adverse effects due to interactions between medications and nutrients.

What is the significance of social support in meal consumption for older adults?

Meals eaten with others tend to be more calorie-dense and nutritious compared to meals eaten alone.

What are the implications of living alone for older adults' nutrition?

Living alone may lead to decreased food intake and nutritional quality, potentially due to lack of social interaction during meals.

What are the dietary recommendations for older adults regarding nutrient density?

Older adults should focus on nutrient-dense foods to meet their dietary needs while managing lower calorie intake.

What is the impact of depression on older adults' nutritional status?

Depression can lead to decreased appetite and food intake, contributing to poor nutritional status and health outcomes.