General Science Unit 5: Measurement and Timing

Flashcards covering key terminology for measurement, precision, reaction time, and sports timing based on the General Science Unit 5 lecture notes.

Measurement (القياس)

Determining the true value of a physical quantity.

Accuracy (الضبط)

How close measurements are to the true value.

Precision (الدقة)

How close measurements are to each other.

Resolution (دقة الوضوح)

The smallest increment or graduation of a measuring tool.

Vernier Caliper

A measuring tool with a resolution of $0.1\,mm$.

Micrometer

A measuring tool with a resolution of $0.01\,mm$.

Average Measurement

A value considered more precise than any single measurement because it reduces dispersion.

Sundial (المزولة)

A time-measuring device that relies on the sun, its shadow, and the rotation of the Earth, with a measurement accuracy of half an hour.

Digital Clock

A timepiece that relies on the vibration of quartz.

Atomic Clock

A timepiece that relies on the vibration of cesium.

Laser Timer

A device used to measure sprint race times to the nearest one-hundredth of a second.

Reaction Time

The amount of time taken to notice an event and react to it (response time).

Anticipation (التوقع)

A method to reduce reaction time by using sequences like colored lights to allow drivers to predict the start of a race.

Visual Stimuli

Human stimuli with a reaction time of $0.25\,s$.

Auditory Stimuli (Sound)

Human stimuli with a reaction time of $0.17\,s$.

Touch Stimuli

Human stimuli with a reaction time of $0.15\,s$.

Distance (المسافة)

The actual length of the total path taken.

Displacement (الإزاحة)

The shortest straight-line distance between the starting and ending points.

Staggered Start (خط البداية المتعاقب)

A starting line used in circular track running to ensure each competitor covers the same distance.

Trundle Wheel (عجلة التدحرج)

A modern tool used for measuring distances on highways.

Optical Rangefinder

A tool used for measuring distance in golf and archery.

Laser Rangefinding

A technique used for measuring distance in the sport of curling.

Photogate (البوابة الضوئية)

An electronic timing tool used to stop the timer in skiing competitions.

Touchpad (لوحة اللمس)

An electronic timing tool used to stop the timer in swimming competitions.