carter-barack obama study guide

what does ford do for nixon?

grants a pardon to clear him of punishment which loses faith of many americans

helsinki accords

political and human rights agreement signed in Helsinki, Finland in 1975 by the Soviet Union and western European countries

how did the helsinki accords help?

brought better relations between the USSR, US, and Europe

jimmy carter

previously the governor of georgia, wins in a very close race against gerald ford

what ultimately led to carter's defeat?

inflation

camp david accords

A peace treaty between Israel and Egypt where Egypt agreed to recognize the nation state of Israel

carter advocated for _ and cut off military ___ to…

human rights; aid

what locations was the military aid cut off for?

nicaragua, argentina, and brazil because of their treatment towards people

who was the prime minister for Israel?

menachem began

who was the president for Egypt?

anwar sadat

israel did what following the camp david accords?

retuned the part of sinai peninsula and israel would be granted access to the sues canal

iranian revolution

a revolution against the shah of Iran led by the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, which resulted in Iran becoming an Islamic republic with Khomeini as its leader

where was reza pahlavi located after being overthrown?

in American, seeking treatment for cancer

second oil crisis in 1979

protests over pahlavi reduced output in the oil industry

yom kipper war

between Israel on one side and Syria and Egypt, backed by Iraq and Jordan, on the other. Resulted in a oil embargo by Arab oil producers against countries, including the US, that supported Israel. (1973)

what did the yom kippur cause?

the first oil crisis because OPEC agreed to raise oil prices to nations who sided with israel

kidnapping by iranian students

they were angry at the US harboring the shag, so they held 52 americans hostage

eagle claw

1980 attempted rescue of Iran hostages, mission failed when there was a crash at the refueling site, killing 8 americans

how long did the kidnapping standoff last?

444 days~~one year and a half

conservatism

a political philosophy based on tradition and social stability, favoring obedience to political authority and organized religion

what did reagan support?

family values, anti-homosexuals, anti-divorce, anti-abortion, to shrink the government spending, strengthen national defense, lower taxes, and anti-union

what else was ronald reagan known as?

the great communicator as he was very good at connecting with people

ronald reagan

former governor of california and actor who becomes president

famous line reagan said to discredit carter

"there you go again" "are you better off today than you were four years ago?"

john hinkley jr

failed assassin of Ronald Reagan. Motivated by his delusional love for Jodi Foster's character in The Taxi Driver, he shot Reagan and James Brady

reagonomics

reagan's economic program; founded on the belief that a capitalist system free from taxation and government involvement would be most productive, and that the prosperity of a rich upper class would "trickle down" to the poor

reagonomics also…

made higher wages (creating new jobs) with 16 milllion jobs created, thus lowering unemployment rate by a lot

what did the national debt go to with this new economic policy? (reagonomics)

$700 million to $3 billion

instead of meeting the demands of the airy traffic controllers on strike because they wanted better pay and a 32-hour work week, reagan…

gave them 48 hours to return, and when they did not, he fired all of the 11,345 strikers

sandra day o'conner

first female supreme court justice

US went into massive debt, and the soviet union went

bankrupt

when did the berlin wall come down?

november 9, 1989

reagan doctrine

US would support freedom fighters trying to overthrow Communist regimes; applied in Nicaragua, Angola, Cambodia and Afghanistan

who invaded who and killed the prime minister of the area invaded?

cuban-backed rebels invaded grenada

"it's morning again in america"

created to boost morale and patriotism and restore hope and faith in the government of America

muammar quaddafi

deposed Libya's pro-Western king and established a military dictatorship

iran contra

a political scandal in the United States which came to light in November 1986, during the Reagan administration, in which senior US figures agreed to facilitate the sale of arms to Iran, the subject of an arms embargo, to secure the release of hostages and to fund Nicaraguan contras

who took the fall for the iran contra scandal?

oliver north and security advisor john poindexter

teflon president

term given to Reagan because of his ability to avoid blame even when things went wrong

where do an israeli force invade in 1982?

lebanon

who was the civil war between in labanon

christian's and palestinian refugees

what was a significant event in 1983?

a suicide bomber attacked american and french barracks in beirut

new leader of the soviet union

Mikhail Gorbachev

NRA

National Recovery Administration

what amendment did the NRA protect

second

moral majority

group that supported Reagan; returned to conservative, religious values and had a strict interpretation of the bible

heritage foundation

conservative american think tank in washington D.C to promote conservative public policies. based the principles of free enterprise, limited government, individual freedom, traditional american values and a strong national defense

which of the following best characterized the changing political and social climate of the 1980s?

popular resistance to the social changed of the 1960s and 1970s supported a new conservative movement

in 1983, suicide bombers attacked US and French military forces stationed in berlin during the…

labanese civil war

george H.W. Bush

president during the Gulf War, ability to quickly bring the war to a conclusion while suffering relatively few casualties resulted in the second-highest approval rating of any president, 89%

who did h.w. bush win over in a landslide?

michael dukakis

operation just cause

Invasion of Panama by the US in 89. Leader Noriega was deposed, Endara sworn in. Bush cited that 1) the aim was to safeguard US citizens 2) defend human rights and democracy 3) combat trafficking 4) Protecting integrity of Torrijos-Carter Treaties (neutrality of panama canal)

manuel noriega

Panama leader who was overthrown in a 1989 US invasion; Tried and imprisoned for drug trafficking

saddam hussein

Was a dictator in Iraq who tried to take over Iran and Kuwait violently in order to gain the land and the resources. He also refused to let the UN into Iraq in order to check if the country was secretly holding weapons of mass destruction

norman schwarzkopf

Commanded the coalition forces during operation desert storm

operation desert storm

hugely successful—the iraqis were beaten fairly easily and order was restored to the middle east

how many members from the coalition were killed?

345

by 1992, what happened to bush

he had to make the decision to raise taxes due to the military defensive spending

because the country was facing a recession due to bush's decision, bill clinton…

won in a very close race, becoming the 42nd president

what did clinton do?

reforming the healthcare system, wanted to give those who couldn't afford healthcare access to it, negotiated the NAFTA, the oslo peace accords, brady bill, family medical leave, etc.

why did clinton's reform for healthcare fail?

republicans attacked it as big government

NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)

set up free trade zone between the US, Chanda, and Mexico

oslo peace accords

required israel to give up territory on the west bank and gaza strip that they held illegally for several decades

brady bill

required background checks and 5-day waiting period before selling a firearm

Black Hawk Down

Oct. 1993- helicopter shot down, ambush, Al Qaeda behind the attack, killed 18 of US troops, killed over 500 Somalis in a firefight, pulled out March 1994

Waco

Federal siege of Branch Davidian (cult) that resulted in the deaths of many of the members of church during the Clinton era. Used by Timothy McVeigh bombing of the Federal building in Oklahoma in 1995

timothy mcveigh and terry nicholis

domestic terrorists that blew up the alfred p. murrah building in oklahoma city in part of their anti+government views

columbine school shooting

two heavily armed students killed 12 fellow students and a teacher

whitewater

clinton's were accused of swindling people out of money through the land development company, whitewater corporation

troopergate

a scandal in which several Arkansas State Troopers claimed that they had helped Bill Clinton arrange sexual liaisons and helped deceive his wife, Hillary, the Satan worshipper

paula jones

former Ark. state employee who said that president Clinton had sexually harassed her (before he became president)

how much money was acquired after the paula jojos settlement?

850,000

lewinsky

rumors circulated that white house intern monica lewinsky had an affair with the president

kuwait

invaded by saddam hussein in the personal gulf war

ross perot

billionaire was a third-party candidate in the 1992 presidential election won 19 percent of the popular vote. His strong showing that year demonstrated voter disaffection with the two major parties

newt gingrich

Republican speaker in the House; pushed for more conservative legislation during Clinton's presidency

contract with america

attempt to win control of house of representatives

main reason why troops were sent to bosnia

to assure the continual production of critical natural resources

what critics said about free trade

led to a loss of manufacturing jobs to countries where labor is cheaper (fleeing to mexico)

al gore

Clinton's vice president; presidential nominee in 2000

what did the events of september 11th lead to the creation of?

department of homeland security

patriot act

controversial law overwhelmingly passed by Congress in October 2001, after the terrorist attacks of September 11 on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. It greatly expanded the power of federal law enforcement authorities to move against suspected terrorists

bin laden

Arab terrorist who established al-Qaeda

northern alliance

rebel group in Afghanistan that opposed the Taliban regime

wmd's

weapons of mass destruction

were any wmd's found after saddam hussen's capture?

no

banking crisis

individuals and companies lose confidence in the banking system and withdraw their deposits in what is called a 'run on banks.'

barack obama

2008; Democrat; first African American president of the US, health care bill; Gulf of Mexico oil spill disaster; economy: huge stimulus package to combat the great recession, is removing troops from Iraq, strengthened numbers in Afghanistan; repeal of Don't Ask Don't Tell; New Start treaty with Russia

john mccain

This Republican senator was a prisoner of war during the Vietnam War and is seeking the Republican nomination in the 2008 presidential election

"don't ask, don't tell" policy

banned homosexuals from the military service

obamacare

created by Obama, a national healthcare plan aimed at reforming the american healthcare system. The main focus is on regulating the health insurance industry and reducing spending and healthcare

how long could children stay on their parent's insurance under obamacare?

until 26

oprah winfrey

endorsed barack obama over hilary clinton

american recovery and investment act

$787 Million spent to revive the economy in the U.S. create jobs, promote investment and consumer spending (obama)

locations that the arab spring movement concerns

tunisia, yemen, syria, and egypt

what technological innovations is the unites states responsible for developing?

gps, LEDs, internet, computers

ralph nader

third party candidate in the bush v. gore election

no child left behind policy

all states were required to test students on english and mathematics

how many people died in 9/11?

3,000

TSA

took over security at U.S. airports to screen all luggage/passengers after 9/11 attacks