paranasal sinuses test FINAL

Paranasal sinuses should be performed with the patient in the _____ position whenever possible

Upright

Which sinus projections requires the midsagittal plane of the patients head to be perpendicular to the IR?

• PA axial projection (Caldwell method)

• Parietoacanthial projection (waters method) (closed and open mouth)

• SMV

For the parietoacanthial projection (waters method), the OML must form a ____ degree angle with the _____

37, plane of the IR

Which sinus projections requires the the interpupillary line to be perpendicular to the IR?

• Lateral

Which sinus projection requires the IOML to be horizontal?

Lateral

For the PA axial projection (Caldwell method), which technique places the forehead and nose in contact with the grid device?

Angled grid technique

For the PA axial projection (Caldwell method), which technique places the OML perpendicular to the IR?

Angled grid technique

Which sinus projections requires the IOML to be parallel to the IR?

• Lateral

• SMV

For the PA axial projection (Caldwell method), the OML must form a _______ degree angle with the _____

15, CR

Which sinuses projection requires the MML to be approximately perpendicular to the IR?

Parietoacanthial

Which sinuses projection requires extension or hyperextension of the patients neck?

• Parietoacanthial

• PA axial

• SMV

Which of the following sinus projections requires the patients zygoma to be in contact with the vertical grid device?

Lateral

Which of the following sinus projections requires the patients vertex to be in contact with the vertical grid device?

SMV

Which of the following sinus projections requires the patients mentum to be in contact with the vertical grid device?

Parietoacanthial

Which of the following sinus projections requires the patient to open their mouth as wide as possible?

Parietoacanthial - open mouth waters method

Paranasal sinus projections should always be performed with a _______ central ray

Horizontal

Where should the CR be placed for the SMV sinus projection? Through the _____ plane at a level______ inches _____ to the _____

MSP, 3/4, anterior, EAM

Where should the CR exit on the Waters method for either the closed or open mouth image?

Acanthion

Where should the CR exit on the Caldwell method?

Nasion

For the lateral projection, the CR should enter a point that is ______ inches ________ to the _______

½ to 1, posterior, outer canthus

Which sinus projection will demonstrate all four sets of paranasal sinuses?

Lateral

Which sinus projection will primarily demonstrate the frontal and anterior ethmoid air cells?

PA axial

Which sinus projections will demonstrate the sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses?

• Lateral

• SMV

Which sinus projections shows both the sphenoid and maxillary sinuses?

• Lateral

• Waters open mouth method

Which sinus projection is done primarily for demonstration of the maxillary sinuses?

Parietoacanthial

Which sinus projection has the evaluation criteria of:

• Superimposed orbital roofs

• Superimposed mandíbular rami

• No rotation of the sella turcica

Lateral

Which sinus projection has these evaluation criteria;

• the distance between the lateral borders of the skull and the mandíbular condyles should be equal

• The anterior frontal bone should be superimposed by the mental protuberance

• Mandíbular condyles should be projected anterior to the petrous pyramids

SMV

Which sinus projections requires that the distance between the lateral borders of the orbits and the lateral borders of the skull be equidistant?

• PA axial

• Parietoacanthial (closed or open mouth)

In which sinus projections rewound you expect to see symmetrical orbits and maxillary sinuses on both sides?

Parietoacanthial (closed or open mouth)

Where would you expect to see the sphenoid sinuses on an open mouth waters method image?

Projected through the opened mouth

In which sinus projection would the petrous portions be projected immediately inferior to the floors of the maxillary sinuses?

Parietoacanthial (closed or open mouth)

Which sinus projection should demonstrate symmetrical petrous ridges that lie in the lower 1/3 of the orbits?

Caldwell method

Which sinus projection requires the frontal sinuses to be projected superior to the fronto nasal suture and the anterior ethmoid air cells to be projected superior to the petrous ridges?

PA axial

Label the following sinus anatomy:

A. Sphenoidal sinuses

B. Maxillary sinuses

C. Frontal sinuses

D. Ethmoidal sinuses

In which projection of the sinuses must the OML form an angle of 15 degrees with the plane of the IR?

PA axial, Caldwell method

Where should petrous ridges be seen in the image of the PA axial projection, Caldwell method, of the sinuses?

Lower third of the orbits

Which sinus group is of primary importance in the lateral projection of the sinuses?

Sphenoidal

Which evaluation criterion pertains to the lateral projection of the paranasal sinuses?

The orbital roofs should be superimposed. 

Which of the following is the only projection for paranasal sinuses that adequately demonstrates all four sinus groups?

Lateral

Where should the petrous ridges be seen in the image of the parietoacanthial projection, Water's method, of the paranasal sinuses?

below the maxillary sinuses

Where should the central ray exit the head for the parietoacanthial projection, Water's method?

Acanthion

With reference to the outer canthus, where should the central ray be directed for the lateral projections of the sinus?

Posterior

Which positioning line should form an angle of 37 degrees with the IR for the parietoacanthial projection, Water's method?

Orbitomeatal

Which evaluation criterion pertains to the SMV projection for sinuses?

Mandibular condyles should be anterior to the petrous ridges. 

Which evaluation criterion pertains to the parietoacanthial projection, Water's method, for paranasal sinuses?

Petrous ridges should lie immediately below the floor of the maxillary sinuses. 

In which projection of the sinuses is the mentomeatal line approximately perpendicular to the plane of the IR?

Parietoacanthial, Water's method

For the PA axial projection, Caldwell method, of the sinuses, which positioning line, in addition to the midsagittal plane, should be perpendicular to the IR?

Orbitomeatal

Which sinus groups are best demonstrated with the PA axial projection, Caldwell method?

Frontal and anterior ethmoid

Which evaluation criterion pertains to the PA axial projection, Caldwell method, of the sinuses?

The frontal and ethmoidal sinuses should be seen. 

Which two paranasal sinus groups are better demonstrated with the SMV projection than are the other sinuses?

Ethmoidal and Sphenoidal

In which projection of the sinuses is the IR centered to the nasion?

PA axial, Caldwell method

Which structures should always be radiographed with the patient in the upright position?

Paranasal sinuses

Which projection of the sinuses demonstrates a symmetric image of the anterior portion of the base of the skull (floor of the cranium)?

SMV

With reference to the IR, how should the central ray be directed for the parietoacanthial projection, Water's method?

Perpendicular

Which paranasal sinus group is best demonstrated with the parietoacanthial projection, Water's method?

Maxillary

Which evaluation criterion pertains to the PA axial projection, Caldwell method, for sinuses?

Petrous ridges should lie in the lower third of the orbits

Which evaluation criterion pertains to the lateral projection of the paranasal sinuses?

All four sinus groups should be included.

Which evaluation criterion pertains to the SMV projection for paranasal sinuses?

Mental protuberance should superimpose anterior frontal bone. 

Which sinus group is not well demonstrated in the image produced by the parietoacanthial projection, Water's method?

Sphenoidal