state mandated quiz

where does information enter a neuron

dendrites

what part decides if an action potential will occur

axon hillock

what part carries the action potential

axon

where are the nts stored

axon terminals

what is myelin

fatty insulating layer around axons

what cells make myelin

oligodendrocytes in the cns, schwann cells in the pns

what does myelin do

speeds up action potentials (saltatory conduction)

what is an action potential

rapid electrical signal along the axon

where does AP start

axon hillock

where does AP end

axon terminals

what is depolarlization

Na enters cell and the inside becomes more postive

what is hyperpolarization

K leaves and the inside becomes more negative than resting

where is AP regenerated in myelinated axons

nodes of raniver

what is the refractory period

time when the neuron cannot fire again

what affects conduction speed

myelination and axon diameter

what is a synapse

junction between two neurons

what happens at a synapse

junction between two neurons

what happens at a synapse

nts are relaased and bind to receptors

what are epsps

excitatory, increase chance of AP

what are ipsps

inhibitory; decrease chance of AP

how do epsp and ipsp relate to ap

they sum at axon hillock to determine firing

frontal lobe function

decision making, movement, personality

parietal love function

touch, spatial awareness

temporal lobe function

hearing, memory, language

occipital lobe function

vision

where is the primary motor cortex

frontal lobe

where is the somatosensory cortex

parietal lobe

what does the soma (cell body) do

integrates all input, if the signal is strong enough, it fires

where is the auditory cortex

termporal lobe

what dpes contralateral mean

opposite side of body

what is the object recognition pathway (what)

ventral

what is the location/movement pathway (where)

dorsal

where is brocas area

left frontal

function of brocas

speech production

where is wernickes and function

left temporal, speech understanding

brainstem pars

medulla, pons, midbrain

medulla function

breathing, HR

pons function

sleep, arousal

midbrain function

movement, reflexed

cerebellum functions

coordination, balance

thalamus function

sensory relay

hypothalamus function

homeostasis, hormones

hippocampus function

memory

amygdala function

emotion

pituitary gland function

hormone control

pineal gland function

melatonin and sleep

limbic system function

emotion, memory, motivation

what is the cns

brain and spinal cord

what is the pns

nerves outside cns

somatic ns

voluntary movement

autonomic ns

involuntary functions

sympathetic ns

fight or flight

parasympathetic ns

rest and digest

HPA axis path

hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal cortex, cortisol

SAM axis path

brain, sns, adrenal medulla, epinephrine

alzheimers affects

hippocampus > memory loss

parkinsons affects

basal ganglia > dopamine loss

longitudianal fissure

divides left and right hems

central sulcus

separates frontal and parietal lobes

lateral sulcus

separats temporal from frontal/parietal