NUT 1104 - Quiz 1

What is the definition of Food Science?

The application of chemistry, biology, physics, engineering, and nutrition to understand food composition, quality, safety, shelf life, processing, nutrition, and consumer acceptance.

What are the macronutrients?

Nutrients required in large amounts, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

What are micronutrients?

Nutrients required in smaller amounts, including vitamins and minerals.

What is the importance of food safety?

It ensures that food is safe to eat, preventing foodborne illnesses and ensuring hygiene and regulations are followed.

Why is food science relevant in daily life?

It helps us understand food composition, safety, how foods change during cooking, and how food affects health.

What factors influence food choices?

Food choices are influenced by taste, price, convenience, health beliefs, sustainability, and social connections.

What is the role of food processing?

It involves transforming raw ingredients into food products, which can include preservation, safety, and enhancing nutritional value.

What are some common food myths?

Beliefs that gluten is bad for everyone, detox diets remove toxins, and organic foods are always healthier.

What is the significance of food sustainability?

It addresses environmental and ethical concerns related to food production and consumption.

What are some examples of popular food trends?

Oat milk, protein bars, kombucha, and plant-based burgers, often driven by marketing and health perceptions.

What is the impact of social media on food choices?

It can influence food choices through marketing, trends, and the spread of misinformation.

What is the relationship between food and culture?

Food reflects culture through traditional meals, religious foods, and family recipes, shaping identity and social connections.

What are the physicochemical properties of food?

They relate to the physical and chemical characteristics of food that affect its structure and function.

What is the purpose of food additives?

They are used to enhance flavor, preserve freshness, and improve the appearance of food products.

What is the significance of consumer perception in food science?

It influences food choices, marketing strategies, and the acceptance of new food products.

What is the role of food microbiology?

It studies microorganisms that affect food safety, spoilage, and fermentation processes.

How does food affect health?

Food affects health through its nutritional content, which can influence overall well-being and the risk of chronic diseases.

What is the importance of shelf life in food science?

It indicates how long food products remain safe and suitable for consumption, impacting food safety and waste.

What is the purpose of the Canada's Food Guide?

It provides dietary recommendations to promote health and well-being through balanced nutrition.

What are the challenges of food sustainability?

Challenges include balancing food production with environmental impact, ethical considerations, and meeting global food demands.

What is the impact of processed foods on health?

They can have both positive and negative effects on health, depending on their nutritional content and ingredients.

What is the significance of food quality?

It encompasses aspects like taste, appearance, and nutritional value, influencing consumer choices and satisfaction.

What is the role of food marketing?

It shapes consumer perceptions and influences purchasing decisions through branding, advertising, and promotions.

What are alternative foods?

These include plant-based options and substitutes for traditional animal products, often marketed for health and sustainability.

What are some health concerns that lead people to choose oat milk?

Lactose intolerance, allergens, and other negative health effects.

What ethical consideration influences the choice of oat milk over cow's milk?

Animal welfare concerns regarding the treatment of cows.

Why is oat milk considered gluten-free?

Oat milk is made from oats that do not contain gluten.

What is the primary goal of milk pasteurization?

To kill harmful bacteria, viruses, and pathogens in raw dairy.

What are the common methods of milk pasteurization?

Heating to 72°C for 15 seconds (HTST) or 63°C for 30 minutes, followed by rapid cooling.

What is required for milk sold for human consumption in Canada?

All milk must be pasteurized.

What was the 2016 outbreak of Listeria linked to?

Raw milk produced by Miller's Organic Farm in Pennsylvania.

What are the three types of Omega-3 fatty acids mentioned?

ALA (Alpha-Linolenic Acid), EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid), and DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid).

How much Omega-3 is typically found in regular eggs?

Approximately 30-80 mg of Omega-3 per egg.

How much Omega-3 can Omega-3 enriched eggs contain?

150-300 mg per egg, mostly ALA.

What is the general recommendation for daily intake of Omega-3 (EPA + DHA)?

About 250-500 mg/day.

What is the significance of the phrase 'The dose makes the poison'?

It emphasizes that the risk of a substance depends on its dose, frequency, and exposure.

What does food science connect?

Composition, processing, safety, quality, nutrition, and sustainability.

What is a food system?

It includes production, storage, processing, packaging, transport, retail, consumption, and waste management.

What should one consider when evaluating claims in food science?

Who made the claim and whether it is supported by credible evidence.

What is a common myth about processed foods?

That all processed foods are unhealthy; many nutritious foods are processed.

What is the role of food scientists?

To contribute to safety, efficiency, waste reduction, and innovation in food systems.

What is the recommended daily intake of Vitamin D for growing persons and expectant mothers?

400 international units.

What is the importance of critical thinking in food science?

To question claims and avoid absolute statements like 'miracle' or 'always'.

What is pseudoscience in nutrition?

Pseudoscience refers to misinformation and unverified claims in the field of nutrition.

What are the expected learning outcomes of the lecture?

Students will understand nutrition misinformation, food groups, Canada's Food Guide, determinants of health, body composition, macronutrients, micronutrients, and energy production.

What are the three types of Omega-3 fatty acids?

ALA (Alpha-Linolenic Acid), EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid), and DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid).

What is the main source of EPA and DHA?

Mainly from fish.

How much Omega-3 is found in regular eggs?

Approximately 30-80 mg per egg.

What is the recommended daily intake of Omega-3 (EPA + DHA)?

About 250-500 mg/day.

What is the role of beta-glucan in health?

Beta-glucan is associated with health claims related to cholesterol reduction and heart health.

What are polyphenols?

Polyphenols are bioactive compounds found in foods that may have health benefits.

What does the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) measure?

The HEI measures the quality of a diet based on the types and amounts of foods consumed.

What are the main nutrients provided by fruits and vegetables?

Vitamins, minerals, and fiber.

What is the primary function of grains in the diet?

To provide carbohydrates and energy.

What nutrients are primarily found in protein foods?

Protein, iron, and zinc.

What is the key role of dairy products in nutrition?

To provide calcium, protein, and vitamin D for bone health.

What is the function of fats and oils in the diet?

To provide energy, flavor, and assist in vitamin absorption.

What is the significance of the phrase 'You are what you eat'?

It emphasizes that food choices directly affect health and body functions.

What is the impact of long-term dietary habits on health?

Long-term habits determine overall well-being and quality of life.

What does balanced nutrition depend on?

Consuming a variety of foods from all different food groups.

What are the components of a food system?

Production, storage, processing, packaging, transport, retail, consumption, and waste management.

What is the role of food scientists?

To contribute to safety, efficiency, waste reduction, and innovation in food systems.

What are the pros of the American 2026 Food Guide?

Encourages reduced intake of processed foods and emphasizes diet quality.

What are the cons of the American 2026 Food Guide?

Conflicts of interest, vague alcohol advice, and promotion of full-fat dairy despite health risks.

What is the importance of evaluating health claims in nutrition?

To ensure claims are supported by credible evidence and avoid misleading advertisements.

What are the main nutrients found in the grains food group?

Carbohydrates and B vitamins.

What is the recommended serving of milk for children up to 13 years according to Canada's Food Guide?

2½ cups (20 fl. oz.)

What should adults consume daily according to Canada's Food Guide?

1½ cups (12 fl. oz.) of milk.

What is the significance of vitamin D in nutrition?

Essential for bone health and recommended for growing persons and nursing mothers.

What is the main nutrient in meat and fish?

Protein, along with iron and zinc.

Who introduced the concept 'You are what you eat'?

Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin

What does Brillat-Savarin's concept highlight?

The link between food and health.

Who studied energy in food and developed calorie values?

Wilbur Atwater

What are the energy values of macronutrients according to Atwater?

4-4-9 kcal/g for carbohydrates, proteins, and fats respectively.

What is the largest component of the human body?

Water (~60% of body weight)

What factors influence body composition?

Age, sex, genetics, diet, and lifestyle.

How does body composition affect health?

It affects health beyond just body weight; balance between fat and lean mass is important.

What are the determinants of health?

Diet, physical activity, genetics, environment, and lifestyle choices.

How does diet influence health?

A healthy diet provides essential nutrients and is associated with better health outcomes.

What impact did industrialization have on human diets?

It introduced processed and refined foods.

What are processed foods often high in?

Sugar, salt, unhealthy fats, and additives.

What is the average food intake per day?

~5-12 lbs of food.

What are macronutrients?

Nutrients needed in large amounts: carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

What are micronutrients?

Nutrients needed in small amounts, including vitamins and minerals.

What is the main source of energy for the body?

Carbohydrates, which are broken down into glucose.

What are the key functions of proteins in the body?

Build and repair tissues, and make enzymes, hormones, and antibodies.

What role do fats play in the body?

Provide energy, support hormone production, and help absorb vitamins.

What are Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids?

Types of essential unsaturated fats important for body functions.

What is ATP?

Adenosine triphosphate, the body's energy molecule that powers biological processes.

What is energy balance?

The relationship between energy intake and energy output; crucial for maintaining weight.

What happens in a positive energy balance?

Weight gain occurs.

What happens in a negative energy balance?

Weight loss occurs.

What is the body's response when food is not available?

It uses stored energy.

What is the importance of physical activity?

It enhances metabolism, helps maintain healthy body weight, and reduces chronic disease risk.

What are some health risks associated with a poor diet?

Increased risk of chronic diseases like obesity, diabetes, and heart disease.

What is the role of the microbiome in health?

It interacts with diet, immunity, and inflammation, affecting overall health.

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