Assessment of Neuropsychological Disorders in Children with Hearing Loss

This set of flashcards covers the physiological process of hearing, classifications of hearing loss, assistive devices, developmental impacts, and various non-verbal cognitive assessment tools for children with hearing impairments.

Conductive Hearing Loss

Often referred to as middle ear deafness, it is caused by factors such as ear infections, glue ear, or ear wax.

Sensorineural Loss

Result of damage to the hair cells in the cochlea, the auditory nerve, or both, often referred to as inner ear deafness.

Ossicles

The three bones within the middle ear that vibrate when struck by sound waves from the eardrum.

Cochlea

The spiral-shaped inner ear containing fluid and tiny hair cells that detect movement and convert it into chemical signals for the hearing nerve.

Normal Hearing

The ability to hear quiet sounds down to a level of $20\,dBHL$.

Mild Hearing Loss

Hearing loss in the better ear between $25-39\,dBHL$, characterized by difficulty following speech in noisy situations.

Moderate Hearing Loss

Hearing loss in the better ear between $40-69\,dBHL$, where following speech without a hearing aid is difficult.

Severe Hearing Loss

Hearing loss in the better ear between $70-89\,dBHL$, requiring powerful hearing aids or an implant.

Profound Hearing Loss

Hearing loss in the better ear from $90\,dBHL$, requiring reliance on lip-reading, sign language, or an implant.

Connexin 26

A specific genetic cause cited as a potential etiology for congenital deafness.

Bone Anchored Hearing Aid (BAHA)

An assistive hearing device consisting of a processor and an implant with a receiver just below the skin.

Cochlear Implant Components

Consists of an external sound processor that captures sound and an internal implant with an electrode array that presents electrical stimulus pulses to the auditory nerve.

Cognitive Implications of Hearing Loss

Impacts development in areas such as executive functions, Theory of Mind, and sequential memory.

Social and Emotional Development

Hearing loss affects peer relationships, emotional literacy, and the potential for mental health problems.

Non-verbal IQ Assessment

A method to minimize the influence of language, education, and culture when establishing learning potential or identifying ability-achievement discrepancies.

SON-R

The Snijders-Oomen Nonverbal Intelligence Test, with versions for ages $2.5-7$ years and $6-40$ years.

Leiter-3

A nonverbal measure of intelligence for ages $3-75+$ that provides scores for Nonverbal IQ, Nonverbal Memory, and Processing Speed.

WNV

The Wechsler Non-Verbal Scale of Ability, suitable for ages $4-21:11$, offering both full and brief batteries.

CTONI-2

Comprehensive Test of Non-Verbal Intelligence for ages $6-89:11$, using Pictorial NIQ (correlated with language) and Geometric NIQ (correlated with fluid intelligence).

TONI-4

The Test of Non-Verbal Intelligence 4, a quick assessment taking $15-20$ minutes for ages $6-89$, available in 7 languages.

UNIT-2

Universal Non-Verbal Intelligence Test 2, for ages $5-21$, providing 7 composite scores including FSIQ.

KABC-II

Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, using a dual theoretical model for ages $3-18$ with a nonverbal option for some subtests.

WISC-V Sub-scales

Includes Verbal Comprehension, Visual-Spatial, Fluid Reasoning, Working Memory, and Processing Speed (visuo-spatial).

Communication Modes

Methods used by HI children including Oral/Aural, British Sign Language (BSL), Sign Supported English (SSE), Makaton, and PECS.