Political Participation

These flashcards cover key concepts related to political participation, linkage institutions, party dynamics, and third-party challenges based on the lecture notes.

What is political participation?

The ways and extent to which citizens get involved in the political process.

Name some factors that influence political participation.

Political ideology, efficacy, structural barriers, and demographics.

What are linkage institutions?

Organizations that connect people to government and shape public policy.

List three examples of linkage institutions.

Political Parties, Interest Groups, The Media.

How do interest groups influence policy-making?

By coordinating efforts around policy goals and supporting agreeable candidates.

What is the fundamental goal of political parties?

To win elections.

Describe a 'candidate-centered campaign'.

A campaign that focuses on candidates' personalities and issues rather than the political parties.

What does the term 'realignment' refer to in American politics?

Dramatic shifts in partisan preference that alter the political landscape.

What is a critical election?

An election that reveals sharp, lasting changes in loyalties to political parties.

What impacts party polarization?

Gerrymandering, media effects, direct primaries, and reliance on ideologically driven activists.

What are barriers to third-party success?

Single-member districts, difficulty raising money, media negligence, and the winner-take-all system.

What is the 'Coattail Effect'?

The tendency for a popular political party leader to attract votes for other candidates of the same party.

What is divided government?

When the presidency and Congress are controlled by different political parties.

What role do structural barriers play in third-party political success?

They limit the ability of third parties to gain representation and access to the political process.

Who are some major third parties in the U.S.?

Libertarian, Prohibition, Green, and Reform parties.

What changes have occurred in party identification from 2004 to 2023?

A rise in independent voters and a decline in those identifying as Democrat or Republican.

What is meant by 'political machines'?

Organizations that use patronage and favors to build loyalty among voters.

What is the primary function of political parties in elections?

Recruit candidates, raise money, and mobilize voters.

Why do many Americans feel a third party is necessary?

They believe the current parties do not adequately represent the American people.

What symbols represent the Democratic and Republican parties?

The donkey symbolizes the Democratic Party, while the elephant represents the Republican Party.