Civics APEX Unit 4

fifteenth amendment

1870, prohibited states from denying votes based on race or previous servitude

twenty third amendment

Ratified in 1961, granted residents of Washington, D.C. the right to vote in presidential elections by allocating them electors in the Electoral College.

twenty fourth amendment

Prohibits the use of poll taxes in federal elections, ensuring that no citizen can be denied the right to vote based on a failure to pay a tax.

twenty sixth amendment

1971, lowered voting age to 18

progressives

group of political reformers tho tried to "clean up" the government

Voting Rights Act

A landmark piece of federal legislation passed in 1965 aimed at eliminating barriers to voting for African Americans, ensuring various protections against racial discrimination in voting practices.

canvassing

The process of seeking support from voters, often through door-to-door interactions or phone calls, to gauge opinions and promote a candidate or issue.

political efficacy

perception that involvement in politics can bring meaningful change

Help America Vote Act

A federal law enacted in 2002 aimed at improving voter access, election administration, and the security of voting systems. It provided funds to states for upgrading voting technology and established standards for voting practices.

political socialization

process in which political attitudes are acquired

demographic factors

-family-

-religion

-gender

-marital status

-race/ ethnicity

-region

political spectrum

political model used to compare opinions by plotting them on axes

liberals

left on political spectrum; believe that government should take action to improve society and equality

conservatives

right on the political spectrum; believe that government should remain the way it is

Nolan chart

a form of the political spectrum that focuses on economic freedom and personal freedom; includes libertarian and authoritarian governments

bipartisanship

cooperation between two major parties

straw polls

informal polls

properties of accurate polling

-avoids bias

-random sampling

-good sample size (at least 1000 people)

-avoids sampling errors

push poll

campaigning technique that tries to influence voters by posing as a poll

exit poll

poll taken after voting

Literary Digest

magazine that made a sampling error

grandfather clause

exemption from literacy test, stated that if your grandfather could vote, so could you

civil liberties

freedoms that protect he individual from the government