Admin of Corrections Exam 1

UCO Fall 2025 Administration of Correctional Facilities Exam 1 Review

What was the churches early equivalent legal proceeding?

Trial by Ordeal

What is the infliction of physical pain on an offender called?

Corporal punishment

What is Brutalization Hypothesis?

The use of harsh punishments sensitizes people to violence and essentially teaches them to use violence rather than acting as a deterrent

What are characteristics of the Pennsylvania system? (written question)

• Solitary cells for each inmate

• Cells acted as the workplace of the inmate

• Isolation 24 hours a day

• Goal was quick repentance

What are the characteristics of the Auburn system?

• Inmates in solitary only at night

• Allowed to work with other inmates but NOT talk to other inmates

• Every cell had a bible that inmates were expected to read daily

• Cells were small

What was the first American institution dedicated to CORRECTIONS?

Walnut Street Jail

What did Cesare Beccaria believe and theorize in criminology?

• Father of classical criminology

• Against death penalty

• Certainty over severity of punishment, but it must also be swift

• Proportionality of punishment to crime committed

• Risks of crime must outweigh benefits

• Criminals weighed risk and reward and were less likely to commit if risk outweighed reward

What is the earliest form of written crime?

The Code of Hammurabi

What are the six philosophical underpinnings of corrections?

• Retribution

• Incapacitation (specific and general)

• Deterrence (specific and general)

• Rehabilitation

• Restorative Justice

• Reintegration

What is the definition of retribution?

Offenders committing a crime should be punished in a way that is equal to the severity of the crime they committed

What is the definition of incapacitation?

Deprives offenders of their liberty and removes them from society, ensuring they can not victimize society for a time

What is the definition of deterrence?

The prevention of crime by the threat of punishment, general and specific

What is the definition of rehabilitation?

Offenders will be deterred from reoffending due to their having worthwhile stakes in legitimate society

What is the definition of restorative justice?

Interventions that focus on restoring the community and the victim with involvement from the offender

What is the definition of reintegration?

Focused on the reentry of the offender into society by connecting offenders to legitimate areas of society that are gainful and productive

What is an example of retribution? (written question)

Eye for an eye, death penalty for murder

What is an example of incapacitation? (written question)

Mass incarceration, incarceration in general

What is an example of general deterrence? (written question)

Mandatory license revocation for multiple DUIs

What is an example of specific deterrence? (written question)

Three strikes laws

What is an example of rehabilitation? (written example)

Vocational training, educational training, and therapeutic interventions

What is an example of restorative justice? (written question)

Victim impact boards

What is an example of reintegration? (written question)

Continued contact with family and community

What is the definition of general deterrence? (written question)

Punishing an offender in public so other observers will refrain from criminal behavior

What is the definition of selective deterrence? (written question)

The infliction of a punishment upon a specific offender in the hope that he or she will be discouraged from committing future crimes

What is the definition of general incapacitation?

Restricting a person’s liberty as a form of punishmentWhat

What is the definition of specific incapacitation?

Identifies offenders who are of particular concern to public safety and providing them with longer sentences

What is the definition of Mitigating factors? (written question)

Circumstances that make a crime more understandable and help to reduce the level of culpability that an offender might have

What is the definition of aggravating factors? (written quesiton)

Magnify the offensive nature of the crime and tend to result in longer sentences

What are the theories of why people commit crime?

• Individual traits

• Classical

• Operant conditioning

• reinforcers and punishments

• social learning

• anomie/strain

• labeling

• conflict

• social justice and correctional ethics

What is classical theory? (written question)

Punishment must be proportional, purposeful, and reasonable. Humans weigh risk and reward.

What is labeling theory? (written question)

Individuals become stabilized into criminal behavior when labeled as criminals

Out of the following, which is not a philosophical underpinning? Retribution, rehabilitation, deterrence, and incarceration

Incarceration

Which philosophical underpinning in corrections in intended to cause vicarious learning whereby the public see offenders punished for a given crime and themselves are discouraged from committing a like mannered crime due to fear of punishment?

General deterrence

Which philosophical underpinning in corrections is determinate sentencing NOT grounded in?

Rehabilitation

What kind of sentencing is true rehabilitation grounded in?

Indeterminate sentencing

These factors make one’s commission of the crime more understandable or appropriate for leniency.

Mitigating factors

This process identifies those inmates who are of particular concern to public safety and provides them with much longer sentences than would be given to other inmates.

Specific incapacitation

TRUE OR FALSE: The Brutalization Hypothesis is the use of harsh punishment, such as the death penalty, that sensitized people to violence and therefore teaches us to use violence rather than act as a deterrent.

True

Which of the following best describes ways to achieve Rehabilitation as a philosophical underpinning? Financial restitution, victim impact panels, vocational/job training programs, or death penalty

Vocational/job training programs

The specific role in an offender, such as extreme violence, would be considered the following in reference to criminal sentencing:

Aggravating factors

TRUE OR FALSE Halfway house, resume writing, and use of a debit card are examples of reintegration correctional philosophy

True

The article about the Menendez brothers Parole consideration generally referring to which of the six correctional principles?

Rehabilitation

What are examples of the types of crimes or criminal offenders for selective incapacitation? (written on quiz)

Sex offenders, terrorists, drug lords

Which correctional philosophy is also known as “eye for an eye”?

Retribution

What are examples of early forms of punishment?

Stocks and branding

What is the definition of the Prison Litigation Reform Act?

Limits an inmate’s ability to file lawsuits and the compensation they can receive

What are the provisions of the Prison Litigation Reform Act?

• Limit inmate ability to file lawsuits

• Required inmate to exhaust all administration remedies before lawsuit

• Require inmates to pay full fees

• Impose harsh sanctions

• Require that any damages awarded first go to any restitutions owed

What are the amendments that affect corrections? (written question)

• First (freedom of religion)

• Fourth (search and seizure)

• Eighth (cruel and unusual punishment)

• Fourteenth (due process)

How does the first amendment effect corrections? (written question)

Cruz v Beto says inmates must be given reasonable opportunities to exercise religion

How does the Fourth amendment affect corrections? (written question)

Inmates do not have a right to privacy in room or person, therefore it doesn’t really apply

What are some of the kinds of searches in prisons? (written question)

Pat, visual, and cavity

What are the three conditions of determining cruel and unusual punishment?

• Would the treatment shock the conscience of the general public?

• Is the treatment cruel beyond necessity?

• Is treatment within the scope of penological interest?

What case determined the death penalty is costitutional/

Gregg v Georgia

Why were the conditions in California prisons deemed cruel and unusual?

It was overcrowded and there was a lack of proper medical care

What case determined due process for inmates?

Wolff v McDonald, very limited due process

What did Wolff v McDonald provide?

Guidelines for minimal due process rights

What are the guidelines provided by Wolff v McDonald?

• Must be given 24 hour written notice of charges

• Must be a written statement by the fact finders for the evidence and reasons of disciplinary action

• inmate can call witnesses and present evidence as long as security is not jeopardized

• Counsel is allowed if inmate is illiterate

• Disciplinary board must be impartial

What ruling says inmates can sue staff acting under color of law?

Cooper v Pate

What is a Writ of Habeas Corpus?

A call to someone to court, and it applies to inmates

Which case decided that denying medical care goes against the 8th amendment?

Estelle v Gamble

This amendment is what is cited in most cases involving excessive use of force and other physical injuries where inmates file suits. Excessive use of force can be a violation of the rights protected by which amenment?

The Eighth Amendment

In prison settings, this amendment has limited applicability because inmates do not have a legitimate expectation of privacy while serving their sentence.

The Fourth Amendment

In the court system, Turner v Safely, the court determined there must be a rational and explainable reason for a correctional regulation. This is referred to as what in Chapter 3?

Rational BASIS test

TRUE OR FALSE According to the Prison Litigation Act of 1996, incarcerated persons must first exhaust the local administrative remedy process before filing prison lawsuits.

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE Incarcerated people have the constitutional right to freedom of religion regardless of correctional and/or institution security concerns.

FALSE

Why is the Jail booking area the most important area of the jail?

It is the most volatile because it is the entry and exit point of all offenders and suspected offenders

TRUE OR FALSE Jails are often multiple stories

True.

What happens in the booking area of a jail?

The gather all basic biological info along with any criminal background information and a mental health screening

What is the lowest paid law enforcement?

County jail staff

What are suicide risks in jail?

White middle-aged men, typically with no prior mental health problems. 90% are hangings, 7% are on suicide watch. First time inmates increase risk

List differences between jails and prisons

• Jail is short term, prison is long term

• You can bail our of jail, not prison

• Jail is typically pre-trail, prison is post

List reasons someone can be held in jail:

• Detox

• Material witness

• contempt of court

• held for trial

• awaiting arraignment

• probation violations

• awaiting transfer