AP MWH Unit 6 Study Guide

Imperialism

One country taking over another's land, politics, or economy to build an empire

Social Darwinism

The fake-science belief that stronger nations (Europeans) were meant to rule weaker ones (Africans)

Nationalism

A fierce pride in one's country

Civilizing Mission

The excuse that imperialists were helping indigenous people by bringing them Western religion and technology

Non-state to State Control

When a private company loses its power and a government takes over directly

What are some examples of Non-state to State Control?

Leopold, Congo, Belgium. VOC, Indonesia, Dutch. EIC, India, British

State Expansion

Industrialized powers getting larger, while older empires like losing power

What are some examples of State Expansion?

US and Japan

Settler Colonies

Colonies where foreigners didn't just rule but moved there permanently in huge numbers

What are some examples of Settler Colonies?

Australia and New Zealand

Anti-Imperial Resistance

Any effort by local people to fight back against foreign invaders

What are the forms of Anti-Imperial Resistance?

Direct resistance, new states on peripheries, and religion-influenced

Direct Resistance

Fighting a war or rebellion to kick the colonizers out

What are some examples of Direct Resistance?

Tupac Amaru II, Samory Toure, Yaa Asantewaa, and 1857 rebellion in India

New States on Peripheries

Groups on the edges of empires forming their own organized countries to survive

What are some examples of New States on Peripheries?

Balkans, Sokoto Caliphate, Cherokee Nation, Zulu kingdom

Religious Rebellions

Using spiritual beliefs to unite people against foreigners

What are some examples of Religious Rebellions?

Ghost Dance, Xhosa Cattle Killing movement, Mahdist Wars

Export Economies

Countries that stopped growing food for themselves and started growing one cash crop for the global market

What are some examples of Export Economies?

Egypt (cotton), Amazon & Congo (rubber), West Africa (palm oil), Peru & Chile (guano), Argentina & Uruguay (meat), Africa (diamonds)

Economic Imperialism

When a country is technically free, but a foreign business owns its resources and dictates its laws

What are some examples of Economic Imperialism?

Spheres of influence in China through Opium Wars, and ports in Latin America with support of British / US firms

Commodities that Contributed to European and American Economic Advantage

Opium: produced in India/Middle East and exported to China. Cotton: grown in South Asia/Egypt and exported to GB and other European countries. Palm oil: produced in sub-Saharan Africa and exported to European countries. Copper: extracted in Chile

Demographic / Job Migration

Millions moved because their home countries were overcrowded or because they needed a paycheck in a new land

Transportation Revolution

Steamships and trains made it possible for people to travel across the world cheaply and quickly

Urbanization

The massive shift of people moving from farms into crowded, dirty cities to work in factories

Return Migration

The moving back of migrants from industrialized cities back to their homelands

Coerced Labor

Another form of forced labor

Where was coerced labor most prevalent?

China and India

Gender Roles

Men went to work and migrated to places, while women had to run farms and house orders

Ethnic Enclaves

Places where migrants kept their cultures alive in industrialized cities

What are some examples of Ethnic Enclaves?

Little Italy and Chinatown

How did the receiving societies of migrants react?

The local people in the new countries reacted with racism and passed laws to stop more migrants from coming