Autonomic nervous system

What does ANS stand for?

Autonomic nervous system

Main divisions of ANS?

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

What does the somatic nervous system innervate?

Skeletal muscle

How many neurons connect CNS to effector in ANS?

Two neurons

First ANS neuron called?

Preganglionic neuron

Second ANS neuron called?

Postganglionic neuron

Where is the postganglionic neuron cell body located?

Ganglion

Does somatic motor neuron synapse in ganglion?

No

Main neurotransmitter of parasympathetic system?

Acetylcholine

Main neurotransmitter of sympathetic system?

Norepinephrine

Other sympathetic neurotransmitters?

Epinephrine and dopamine

Main role of sympathetic system?

Fight or flight

Main role of parasympathetic system?

Rest and digest

Sympathetic system prepares body for?

Stress and emergencies

Parasympathetic system promotes?

Storage and conservation

Effect of sympathetic stimulation on heart rate?

Increases

Effect of sympathetic stimulation on contractility?

Increases

Effect of sympathetic stimulation on skeletal muscle blood flow?

Increases

Effect of sympathetic stimulation on skin blood flow?

Decreases

Effect of sympathetic stimulation on GI activity?

Decreases

Effect of sympathetic stimulation on GI sphincters?

Contracts

Effect of sympathetic stimulation on bronchi?

Bronchodilation

Effect of sympathetic stimulation on pupils?

Dilation

Effect of sympathetic stimulation on urinary bladder sphincter?

Contraction

Effect of sympathetic stimulation on anal sphincter?

Contraction

Male genital sympathetic function?

Ejaculation

Male genital parasympathetic function?

Erection

Effect of sympathetic stimulation on glycogen?

Breakdown

Effect of sympathetic stimulation on blood glucose?

Increases

Effect of sympathetic stimulation on adipose tissue?

Lipolysis

Effect of parasympathetic system during digestion?

Activates GI tract

What pupil change aids near vision?

Constriction

Which ANS division dominates during rest?

Parasympathetic

Three major sites of PNS neurotransmission?

Ganglia neuroeffector junctions NMJ

Neurotransmitter at all autonomic ganglia?

Acetylcholine

Neurotransmitter at skeletal NMJ?

Acetylcholine

Major neurotransmitter at sympathetic neuroeffector junctions?

Norepinephrine

Neurons releasing acetylcholine are called?

Cholinergic neurons

Neurons releasing norepinephrine are called?

Adrenergic neurons

Are all sympathetic postganglionic neurons adrenergic?

No

Sympathetic fibers to sweat glands release?

Acetylcholine

Sympathetic fibers to some skeletal muscle vessels release?

Acetylcholine

Drugs mimicking acetylcholine are called?

Cholinomimetics

Other name for cholinomimetics?

Parasympathomimetics

Drugs mimicking norepinephrine are called?

Adrenomimetics

Other name for adrenomimetics?

Sympathomimetics

Receptors for acetylcholine are called?

Cholinoceptors

Receptors for norepinephrine are called?

Adrenoceptors

Drugs blocking acetylcholine are called?

Cholinoceptor antagonists

Drugs blocking norepinephrine are called?

Adrenoceptor antagonists

Most visceral organs receive what type of innervation?

Dual innervation

How do sympathetic and parasympathetic systems usually act?

Oppositely

Example of organ with opposing same-cell effects?

SA node

Example of organ with opposing different-cell effects?

Iris muscles

Most blood vessels are innervated by which system?

Sympathetic

Exceptions with dual vessel innervation?

Face tongue urogenital tract

Primary neural control of TPR?

Sympathetic nerves

What controls vascular caliber tonically?

Noradrenergic neurons

Heart is innervated by?

Both ANS divisions

Sympathetic effect on heart rate?

Positive chronotropic

Sympathetic effect on contractility?

Positive inotropic

Sympathetic effect on AV conduction?

Positive dromotropic

Parasympathetic effect on heart rate?

Negative chronotropic

Parasympathetic effect on AV conduction?

Negative dromotropic

Parasympathetic effect on atrial contractility?

Decreases

Parasympathetic effect on ventricular contractility?

Minimal

Heart at rest is mainly under?

Vagal tone

Effect of ganglionic blockers at rest?

Increase heart rate

Effect of ganglionic blockers during exercise?

Decrease heart rate

What do ganglionic blockers inhibit?

Both autonomic ganglia

What controls pupil size?

ANS

Muscle causing mydriasis?

Dilator pupillae

Innervation of dilator pupillae?

Sympathetic

What is mydriasis?

Pupil dilation

Muscle causing miosis?

Constrictor pupillae

Innervation of constrictor pupillae?

Parasympathetic

What is miosis?

Pupil constriction

Which ANS division dominates the eye?

Parasympathetic

Effect of atropine on pupil?

Mydriasis

Effect of atropine on accommodation?

Loss

What drug blocks parasympathetic activity in eye?

Atropine

Effect of parasympathetic stimulation on accommodation?

Near vision

What type of muscle controls pupil diameter?

Smooth muscle

What are radial iris muscles called?

Dilator pupillae

What are circular iris muscles called?

Constrictor pupillae

Effect of sympathetic stimulation on respiratory tract?

Bronchodilation

Effect of parasympathetic stimulation on GI tract?

Increased activity

Which ANS division contracts sphincters?

Sympathetic

What neurotransmitter is released at all preganglionic fibers?

Acetylcholine

Most postganglionic parasympathetic fibers release?

Acetylcholine

Most postganglionic sympathetic fibers release?

Norepinephrine

What is positive chronotropy?

Increased heart rate

What is positive inotropy?

Increased contractility

What is positive dromotropy?

Increased conduction

What is negative chronotropy?

Decreased heart rate

What is negative dromotropy?

Decreased conduction

Sympathetic response to stress?

Resource mobilization

Parasympathetic activity predominates during?

Minimal stress

Which ANS division increases blood fatty acids?

Sympathetic

Which ANS division increases blood sugar?

Sympathetic