Patient Care Theory Exam 4

what does psychogenic pain mean?

we don’t know the source of it

what is the “gate” in gate-control theory controlled by?

dorsal horn cells in spinal cord

what kind of input can close the “gate”?

large diameter fibers, emotion, relaxation

what is pain we don’t know the source of?

psychogenic

what is the body’s system for suppressing pain called?

endogenous analgesia

what part of the brain interprets stimuli?

brain stem

where are afferent pathways?

peripheral nervous system

after efferent pathways start in the cns, where do they go?

down the doral horn of the spinal chord

what is the term for processing potentially harmful stimuli through the nervous system?

nociception

what are free nerve endings in afferent peripheral nervous system that selectively respond to different stimuli?

nociceptors

does pain cause hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia?

hyperglycemia

what is pain called that is sudden in onset and lasts up to 3 months?

acute pain

what is pain that lasts more than 3-6 months?

chronic

what is pain called that is felt in a different area than its source is?

referred

what is pain called that is triggered by tissue damage?

nociceptive

what is pain called that is caused by nerve damage?

neuropathic

what does cutaneous pain feel like?

stinging/burning

what does somatic pain feel like?

aching, throbbing

where is visceral pain felt and what doe sit feel like?

internal organs, cramping, sqeezing

what could be the cause of mid epigastric pain?

gall bladder

what is pain called that is believed to arise from the mind?

psychogenic

what’s an agent that diminishes or eliminates pain without a loss of sensation/consciousness?

analgesics

what’s an agent that cause a loss of sensation?

anesthetics

what type of anesthesia requires intubation and ventilation?

general

what do opiods do?

block pain

what do sedatives do?

decrease consciousness

what does acetaminophen do?

decrease inflammation

what does gabapentin treat?

nerve pain, seizures, general pain

what do adjuvants do?

enhances effectiveness of other meds

what is tylenol for?

fevers and pain relief

is tylenol an nsaid?

no

is ibuprofen a nsaid?

yes

is aspirin a nsaid?

yes

what class are morphine, hydromorphone, fentanyl, and oxycodone?

opioid analgesics

what is a common side effect of morphine?

itchiness

what is morphine for?

acute pain

what is hydromorphone-ilaudid used for?

moderate to severe pain

what’s the mechanism of action for fentanyl?

binds to opiate receptors in the brain

what is the opioid reversal agent called?

narcan/naloxone

what blocks opioid molecules from attaching to opioid receptors?

vivitrol

what is the portion of drug that is lost during the process of absorption related to the liver, intestinal wall, and other organs?

first pass

what is it called when someone needs an increase in the amount of a drug for the effect to work?

tolerance

what is the expected physiological response to ongoing use of opiods?

dependence

which 3 situations would you need an informed consent form for?

procedure, anesthesia, blood products

what is a cholecystectomy?

gall bladder removal

what is a hysterectomy?

removing uterus

how many hours before a procedure should you be NPO?

8

which medications decrease oral and airway secretions?

anticholinergics

which medications reduce anxiety preoperatively?

benzodiazepines

what does SBAR stand for?

situation, background, assessment, recommendation

what does the scrub tech role?

sets up room equipment

what does the surgical assistant do?

charting

what is malignant hyperthermia

life-threatenlingly hot

how would you prevent complications from regional anesthesia?

hydration and laying flat

how often should you check a patient’s temperature during surgery?

every 4 hrs

in post-op, if the respirations are under what number should you hold narcotics?

12