A2

Deity in Hittitte apologies

Ishtar

HDR as part of folk tradition, about people’s relationship to Yahweh

Brueggemann, also Short

Little unity/continuity in HDR

Weisser

Scholars pro-apology

Hoffner, McCarter

Who invented the idea of the HDR

Rost, prophecy, but highlights messiness

The HDR as about divine choice

Groenback

Example of links between HDR and other sections

anointing in 10 and 19

Who highlights role of Saul?

Humphreys, three layers, different theological lenses (earlier on the unquestioned power of deity affirmed), Saul becomes rejected king later

Who highlights role of wisdom in Appendix?

Sheppard, model for life

Appendix as being about the whole people

Auld

Idea of Appendix as hermeneutical key

Childs and Campbell, emphasises coherency

David as a positive image in Appendix

Auld, Numbers 24, IF he obeys Yahweh

What does Brueggemann say about the Appendix

links to Hannah, about reducing David and the monarchy

Who says that the Appendix is part of a third wave of material?

Campbell, less positive

Childs on Appendix

apologetic

Appendix as critique of David

Carlson: critique (Judges 8-9)

Low Chronology advocate and examples

Finkelstein, 80 years later, linked to Omride capital of Samaria, destruction linked to Shoshenq (vs high chronology that links it to Philistines, and rebuilding to Solomon)

South and north developed very differently, revolution happens (mainly in north) in ninth century

Grabbe: strips UM of buildings (Omri instead), now a modified low chronology

UM in late Iron Age I

Population of Jerusalem in Iron Age II

c. 750

Stepped structure advocates

Cahill: evidence of influx of wealth, Mazar: Davidic palace

Faust and Finkelstein examples

Megiddo rebuilt, anthropological evidence (strongman state development), changes in Philistine pottery, copper-mining (wealth of Davidic monarchy)

What does Dietrich say about archaeology

cities built but we don’t know how/why

Mazar’s approach to archaeology

not linear, some history contained in narratives

Who argues that there was a monarchy but it was small

Sergi, post Tel Dan

What does the list tell us?

Shoshenq’s List, Jerusalem and Judah not mentioned, dating difficult

Inscription

Tel Dan, c. 825

Examples of Baal name

2 Samuel 5:20

Examples of ‘High Places’

Nob, Shiloh, Ramah

Example of necromany and example of oracles

1 Samuel 28, 23

New Moon Festival

1 Samuel 20, family/local festival

Who focuses on family religion?

Gestenberger

God’s wife?

Asherah

Example of good kings and bad kings

good: Josiah, Hezekiah, bad: Ahab, Manasseh, Jereboam

Chronology of Kings

Cross: two layers (Josiah), example of Jehu

Post-exile theodicy?

Roth

Promise to Jerusalem emphasised

Pratt

Promise as positive

Von Rad more positive, Provan links to Ahab and thus reads it optimistically

Who talks about curses?

Lamb, theodicy, Nathan

Scholars who focus on morality in Kings

Provan: didactic, Wolff: about repentence of Israelite people (1 Kings 8)

Appendix as apologetic

Chavel: apologetic (bloodguilt)

Promise as negative

Noth: later section is less optimistic

Grabbe on Jerusalem

Unfortified, water shaft not in use

Cudworth on Kings

About strength of Davidic dynasty, faithfulness DESPITE actions, good but vulnerable, differs radically from promise to others

Who argues that the Davidic promise wasn’t really Messianic?

Kruse, political promise not religious

Willis on the Ark Narrative

Theonomous (asserts will over David), David in contrast to Saul, bearer of epitaphs, Jerusalem as linked to DAVID, housing Ark as political and religious

Different narrative strands in HDR

Hutton: two versions, one connected to HDR, Van Seeters: positive and negative narratives merged

Who argues that 1 Sam 3:3 is an intentional redactional addition?

Schneider, very uniform use in Kings

Use of lamp in Kings

1 Kings 11:36 (link to Jerusalem), 1 Kings 15:4 (succession), 2 Kings 8:19 (reserved the punishment deserved)

Divine mercy - metaphor for eternal dynasty

Who argues against Hanson about the idea of a ‘lamp’?

Shin, problems with Akkadian word

Not used for political dominion, other term used for yoke, Akkadian word also means light, translations use lamp, Yahweh and David covenant was different, dominion/kingship could still be an interpretation

Which kings are bad?

Northern

Moses’ last words

Deuteronomy 33, ‘the eternal God is your refuge’

Woman at the window

Song of Deborah, Judges 5

Genesis

Genesis 17 (promise to Abraham), Genesis 49 (‘sceptre shall not depart from Judah’)

Deuteronomy on necromacy

Deuteronomy 18:10-12

Ruth

was a Moabite

support for Saul

Gibeonite rising in 2 Samuel 21

Inscription to Junius Bassus

342

Two inscriptions - verse and prose

Deathbed baptism

Engravings - Biblical? Conservatism

Inscription for Sextus Petronius Probus

Fourth Century

Two inscriptions

Very unpopular in other sources

A focuses on Rome, B on dead person, then Christ

White clothes after baptism, Satan

Papario at Grado

Early fifth century, Jew who converts, name change

Art - font, wine etc