EGN 4070 Final Chapter 8

What is derived demand?

Demand for a product resulting from demand for another.

What are energy services?

The specific functions that energy provides for people, such as lighting, heating, cooling, refrigeration, and industrial production.

What is the energy ladder?

A model that describes how both the quality and quantity of energy used in a household increase as household income rises.

What is energy intensity?

Energy use per unit of economic activity.

What are social costs?

The negative effects of a condition experienced by society as a whole.

What is energy security?

The ability of a nation to protect itself from the economic, political, and social disruptions due to an interrupted supply of a critical energy resource, the failure of an important energy infrastructure, or rapid and steep changes in energy services.

What are end use sectors?

Sectors of the economy that use energy, ie, residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation

What are infinitely renewable resources?

Resources that derive from the physical workings of the planet and solar system, and are inexhaustible in their supply, such as solar and wind energy.

What is a reserve?

A known deposit of a natural resource.

What is a proven reserve?

The portion of a resource deposit that can be extracted with certainty.

What is methane hydrate?

A potential source of natural gas trapped in ice-like structures.

What is the Hubbert Curve?

A concept used to analyze the rates of growth in demand for a fossil fuel and the rate at which new reserves become available

What is peak oil?

The point when the rate of increase in oil production is zero and can no longer keep up with social demand for oil.

What is direct energy?

Energy used directly in providing an energy service like heating or lighting.

What is embodied energy?

Energy used to produce, transport and use a product.

What is energy return on investment?

Ratio of usable energy from a source to the energy required to extract and process the resource.

What is energy efficiency?

Ratio of useful energy output to energy input.

What is energy curtailment?

Intentional reduction or shifting of energy use.

What is the Carnot Limit?

Theoretical maximum efficiency of a heat engine.

What is energy recovery?

Capturing and using waste heat or other forms of energy (and using it in energy production).

What is waste-to-energy?

Generating energy from waste materials.

What is combined heat and power generation?

The exploitation of usable waste heat to heat and cool buildings or to generate electricity.

What is a topping cycle plant?

A CHP facility that uses waste steam and heat from electric power production to create steam or hot water that is then used for heating and cooling a building.

What is a ground source heat pump?

System using earth temperature to heat and cool buildings.

What is geothermal power?

Electricity generation from heat produced within the earth.

What is bagasse?

Fibrous waste from sugarcane used for energy.

What is the Pickens Plan?

A fuel switching proposal created by T. Pickens that suggested the US invest heavily in wind farms for electric power production, so that natural gas may be shifted to the transportation sector.

What is command and control regulation?

A regulatory approach in which the gov't specifies the exact ways that companies must comply with environmental protection laws.