Architecture App Exam 4: Briar Jones MSU

Herzog and de Meuron

Childhood friends

Practice is Basil, Switzerland

Key Commissions: Tate Gallery of Modern Art (London) & National Olympic Stadium (Beijing) aka "the bird nest"

Rem Koolhaas (1944- )

Dutch - born in Rotterdam

Major Publications: Delirious New York: Retoactive Manifesto for Manhattan & OMA, S, M, L, XL

Studied at AA

Key Commissions: Prada Stores, Educatorium (The Netherlands)

Daniel Libeskind (1946- )

born in Lodz, Poland

Gained US citizenship in 1965

Key Commissions: Jewish Museum (Berlin), Imperial War Museum (Manchester), Jewish Museum (San Francisco), Denver Art Museum, Freedom Tower (NYC)

Jean Nouvel (1945- )

French Architect

Educated at the Ecole d'Beaux, Paris

Key Commissions: Remodeling of Lyon Opera House & Cultural and Congress Center (Switzerland)

Renzo Piano (1937- )

Born in Genoa, Italy

Studied at University of Florence and Milan Polytechnic

Early partnership with Richard Rogers

Pushes limits of building technology

Maintains control of design through construction

Key Commissions: Pompidou Center (Paris), Menil Museum (Houston, TX), and The Shard (London)

Jean Marie Tjibaou Cultural Center (Renzo Piano)

Two skins: outer layer iroko wood inner layer of moveable glass louvers

Buildings are ventilated passively and act as chimneys to draw warm air out

The Shard - London (Renzo Piano)

Tallest building in the EU

Offices, Restaurant, Hotel, Apartments, Observatory

Antoine Predock (1936- )

Key Commissions: Nelson Fine Arts Center (Arizona State), American Heritage Center (Laramie, Wyoming), Museum of Science and Industry (Tampa, Florida)

Chinese Architecture - SYSTEMS OF MEANING

Feng Shui: concept of orientation harmony with nature positive energy (chi)

Chinese Architecture - UNITY OF STRUCTURE AND DECORATION

wooden beams/columns

wooden architecture traditions

important structures are made of timber (palaces, temples)

Walls are modular: flexible system, made of wood supports

Pagodas

Buddhist temples in China

Great Wall

barrier against enemies

210bce began, built over centuries

10,000 miles long

15-30' high

12-25' wide

Frequent watchtowers

Japanese Architecture

Traditions in Wood and Timber

paper screens as walls, tile roofs, straw mats, plaster finish

Shinto shrines

Shinto is Japan's native formal religion

Torii

large freestanding timber gateway

Tea Houses

tea ceremony for upper classes

preparing and drinking green tea according to strict rules

done in special tea houses

no decorations, furnishing, no distractions

Islam and Architecture

Mosques designed for ornamental prayer

No figurative (represent people) art on walls

Art based on flowers, geometric shapes, Arabic script

Dome of the Rock

7th century

Jerusalem

Influenced by Byzantine architecture

Great Mosque of Samarra

Largest mosque ever built. Samarra Iraq 9th Century. Cone shaped minaret. Spiral minaret encircled by ramp. Horses could ride up,

Mosque of Cordoba

1st Islamic structure in Europe

Architecture of India

various cultural influences: Buddhists, Hindus, Muslims, British

Foreign cultures and different religions have been absorbed and transformed by Asian Indian architects

Taj Mahal

National emblem of India

1632-53

urban sprawl

damaging the environment both directly and indirectly. this happens through rampant consumptions of raw land, and the fossil fuels required for people to drive to these remote places.

green building

a building that is located and constructed in a sustainable manner and that is designed to allow its occupants to live, work, and play in a sustainable manner

brownfields

abandoned, idled, or under-used industrial and commercial facilities/sites where expansion or redevelopment is complicated by real or perceived environmental contamination

percentage of all waste from the building industry

20%

reasons to utilize green building principles

1. improved air quality

2. reduced consumption of virgin raw materials

3. waste reduction

4. consumer demand for environmentally friendly products

ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act)

Federal Civil Rights law that prohibits the exclusion of people with disabilities from everyday activities

New Urbanism

A type of compact neighborhood design pioneered by Miami architects Adres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zybeck. Replaces the typical suburban subdivision with more diverse environments which mix residential and commercial buildings hypothetically providing a walkable community where people live, work, and play

Andres Duany

-founder of two architecture firms:

Arquitectonica

Duany Plater-Zybeck & Company (DPZ)

-Seaside, Florida

-Kentlands, Maryland

B. arch (Princeton)

-M. arch (Yale)

Cotton District (New Urbanism)

Dan Camp, designer, developer, builder

Development creates place

Seaside, Florida

Robert Davis, landowner developer

40 acres

Various types of residential

school, shopping, restaurants

walkable

master plan by Duany Plater-Zybeck & Co

Kentlands, Maryland

Master plan by Duany Plater-Zybeck & Co

Mount Vernon, Virginia

The Ladies Mount Vernon Association acquired Mount Vernon in the 1850s. This was the first property to be saved by an organization founded solely to preserve a building

First Historic Preservation Ordinance

Charleston, South Carolina 1931

2nd Historic Preservation Ordinance

New Orleans, LA 1941

3rd Historic Preservation Ordinance

Natchez, MS 1941

National Historic Preservation Act of 1966

established review of federal projects on historic properties

William Nichols, Architect

Born Bath, England (1780)

Greek Revival Style

Became State Architect of Mississippi in 1835

RH Hunt, Architect

Moved to Chattanooga, TN in 1882 - RH Hunt Company

Montgomery Hall - MSU

Lee Hall - MSU

Beaux Arts

a style of architecture favored by the Ecole des Beaux-Arts characterized by symmetrical plans and the eclectic use of architectural features combined to give massive, elaborate, and often ostentatious effect

Theodore Link, Architect

St. Louis

Designed Mississippi State Capitol

Perry Cafeteria - Mississippi State

The YMCA Building @ MSU

Paine, Overstreet, and Spencer

Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright in Mississippi

Louis Sullivan had a house in MS that was almost destroyed in Hurricane Katrina. Frank Lloyd Wright worked on this while in FLW Office.

FLW also Designed:

-Willis Hughes House "Fountainhead: 1948- Jackson Ms.

Faye Jones

Fayetteville, AR

Pinecote Pavilion- Crosby Arboretum

Picayune, MS 1985

Faye Jones, Fayetteville, AR

tatami

Modular flooring Mats 3'X6' Determine area of rooms by how many mats there are.

ogee arch

Walls covered with stone carvings

Squinches

Series of stacked arches to support dome. Glazed tiles on al surfaces

Interstate Highway System

Carlo Scarpa

Brion Cemetery, Treviso, Italy 1969-1978

Tadao Ando

-Japanese architect

-self taught- begin as carpenters apprentice

-traveled extensively to study architecture

-combines modernism with traditional Japanese aesthetics

-note use of concrete

Elizabeth Diller and Richard Scofidio

-Elizabeth born in Poland

-both educated at Copper Union in New York

-begin by constructing "Guerilla Architecture" on vacant land

-received "Genius" grant in 1999 from Macarthur Fellows Program

-Key Commissions:

-Blur Building- Swiss Expo

-High Line- New York

Sir Norman Foster

-born in Manchester, England

-School of Architecture University of Manchester

-Graduate School Yale (w/ Richard Rogers- Pompidou Center w/ Renzo Piano)

-Extensive travel in US

-Furniture Design

-Key Commissions:

-Hong Kong Bank

-Carr'e d' Art- Nimes, France

-London City Hall

-Reichstag Dome Berlin Germany- 1999

-Millenium Bridge London

Frank Gehry

-born in Canada; moved to LA at 17

-School of Architecture at University of Southern California

-graduate school at Harvard (Urban Planning)

-opened his own firm at age 33

-Furniture Design

-Key Commissions

-Guggenheim Museum- Bilbao, Spain

-Experience Music Project, Seattle

-Gehry House

-Project of note: George Ohr Museum- Biloxi, Mississippi

Zaha Hadid

-born in Baghdad, Iraq

-trained as mathematician

-graduate school at the AA (Architectural Association) in London

-Deconstructivist

-colorful drawings, paintings, and computer models

-DECONSTRUCTION

-Key Commissions:

-Contemporary Arts Center, Cinncinnati

-Vitra Fire Station

Herzog and De Meuron

-childhood friends

-practice in Basil, Switzerland

-Key Commissions

-Tate Gallery of Modern Art- London

-National Olympic Stadium- Beijing "the bird nest"

Rem Koolhaas

-Dutch-born in Rotterdam

-Major Publications

-Delirious New York: a Retroactive Manifesto for Manhattan OMA, S, M, L, XL

-studied at the AA in London

-Key Commissions:

-Prada Stores

-Educatorium, Utrecht, The Netherlands

-Seattle Public Library

Daniel Libeskind

-born in Lodz, Poland

-gained US citizenship in 1965

-Key Commissions

-Jewish Museum, Berlin

-Imperial War Museum, Manchester

-Jewish Museum, San Francisco

-Denver Art Museum

-Freedom Tower, New York City

Jean Nouvel

-French architect

-educated at the Ecole d' Beaux Arts, Paris

-Key Commissions:

-Remodeling of Lyon Opera House

-Cultural and Congress Center, Lucerne Switzerland

-Institut du Monde Arabe Paris

Renzo Piano

-born in Genoa, Italy

-studied at University of Florence and Milan Polytechnic

-early partnership with Richard Rogers

-pushes limits of building technology

-maintains control from design through construction

-Key Commissions:

-Pompidou Center, Paris 1971-77

-Menil Museum Houston, Texas

-The Shard - London

Chinese Architecture

-Feng Shui: concept of orientation

-harmony with nature

-positive energy (chi)

-wooden beams/columns

-WOODEN architecture traditions

-important structures are made of timber(palaces and temples)

-walls are modular

-flexible system

-made of wood supports

-Pagodas

Pagodas

Buddhist temples in China

The Great Wall

-barrier against enemies

-210 bce began, built over centuries

-10,000 miles long

-15-30' high

-15-25' wide

-frequent watchtowers

Japanese Architecture

-traditions in wood and timber

-paper screens as walls, tile roofs, straw mats, and plaster finish

Shinto Shrines

-Shinto is Japan's native formal religion

Toril

-large freestanding timber gateway

Golden Pavilion

-open interior

-wide eaves

-removable walls

Tea Houses

-tea ceremony for upper classes

-preparing and drinking green tea according to strict rules

-done in special tea houses

-no decorations, furnishing, no distractions

Tatami

-modular flooring mats

-3'X6'

Islamic Architecture

-mosques designed for communal prayer

-no figurative (represent people) art on walls

-art based on flowers, geometric shapes, Arabic script

Dome of the Rock

-7th C

-Jerusalem

-influenced by Byzantine architecture

-shrine for pilgrims

-center is sacred rock where Muhammad ascended into heaven

-octagonal form

-glazed tiles on all surfaces- style developed

Great Mosque of Samarra

Moorish Architecture

-Muslims (Moors) came to Spain 8th C

-looked to ancient Roman architecture

Mosque of Cordoba

-1st Islamic structure in Europe

Architecture of India

-various cultural influences: Muslims, Buddhists, Hindus, and British

-foreign cultures and different religions have been absorbed and transformed by Asian Indian architects

Taj Mahal

-national emblem of India (1632-53)

The Ladies Mount Vernon Association

-acquired Mount Vernon in the 1850s

-first property to be saved by an organization founded solely to preserve a building

Levy Monticello

preservation

Vicksburg Military Park

-established in 1899

preservation

First Historic Preservation Ordinance

-Charleston, South Carolina 1931

Second Historic Preservation Ordinance

-New Orleans 1941

Third Historic Preservation Ordinance

-Natchez 1951

Interstate Highway Systems

-cutting great swaths through the city and countryside

National Historic Preservation Act of 1966

-established review of federal projects on historic properties

Jefferson College

1802 Washington MS

Auburn

-Natchez, MS 1812

William Nichols

-born Bath, England 1780

-Greek Revival Style

-became state architect of Mississippi in 1835

-Key Commissions:

-Old Capitol 1839

-Governor's Mansion Jackson 1842

-Lyceum- University of Mississippi 1848

Windsor Ruins

Claiborne Co., MS 1861

Montgomery Hall

-RH Hunt- Beaux Arts Style 1902

Reuben Harrison Hunt

-moved to Chattanooga, TN in 1882- RH Hunt Company

-Key Commissions:

-Montgomery Hall- MSU

-Lee Hall- MSU- Beaux Arts Style

-Carpenter Hall- MSU

Beaux Arts

-a style of architecture favored by the Ecole des Beaux-Arts

-characterized by symmetrical plans and the eclectic use of architectural features combined to give a massive, elaborate, and often ostentatious effect

Mississippi State Capitol

-Theodore Link, St. Louis- architect

Theodore Link

-St. Louis

-architect

-designed:

-Mississippi State Capitol

-Perry Cafeteria- MSU

-Old Oktibehha Co. Courthouse

Paine, Overstreet, and Spencer

-YMCA building

Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright in MS

-Louis Sullivan Summer Home

Frank Lloyd Wright in MS

-Willis Hughs House "Fountainhead"- 1948 Jackson, MS

N.W. Overstreet

-Bailey Magnet School- Jackson, MS

Pinecote Pavilion- Crosby Arboretum

-Picayune, MS 1985

-Faye Jones, Fayetteville, AR

Ohr-O' Keefe Museum

-Frank Gehry

-George Ohr