Chapter 44 Ecoology and Biosphere

Tropical Wet Forest

Equatorial Region, Rainfall (8.2-14.8 ft), Tempature 68-93 F, Vegetation: Most diverse year round vegetation

Tropical Dry Forest

Everything the same as Tropical Wet Forest except vegetation more wide less vertical cause of dry seasons

Savannas

Equatorial Region and Australia, Rainfall (20-50 inches), Tempature 75-84 F, Vegetation: Grasslands with scattered trees

Deserts

Between 15 to 30 N and S lattitude, Rainfall 0.8-12 inches, Tempature 140 F Day 32 F, Mainly annuals for vegetation

Temperate Grasslands

North America or Eurasia, Rainfall 10-35 inches, Predominant Vegetation, Average tempature

Chaparral

California, Mediterranean Sea, Australia, Rainfall 25.6- 29.5 inches mainly in winter, Hot tempatures, Poor vegetation dormant plants like shrubs

Temperate Forests

Mid lattitude Regions North America, West Europe East Asia, Tempatures -22-86 F, Rainfaill 29.5-59 inches, Average Vegetations clear growing seasons

Boreal Forests

Between 50-60 N Canada Russia, Cold dry winters cool wet summers, Rainfall 15.7-39 inches mainly snow, Lack of layed vegetation mainly evergreen

Arctic Tundra

North of Subartic Boreal Forests, Tempature Avg winter -29F Avg Summer 47-52 F, Rainfaill 6-10 inches, Low to ground vegetation permafrost makes it that way low species diversity

Describe the difference in species diversity between the photic and aphotic zones of the ocean.

Photic Zone: Above 650 Ft gets light and photosynthesis, Aphotic Zone: Below 650 Ft no light no photosynthesis,

Define Chemosynthetic bacteria

Chemosynthetic Bacteria uses H2S for the thermal black and white smoke vents

Why do you not find photosynthetic organisms in the abyssal zone of the ocean

No light, cold tempatures, low nutrients

What adaptations are found in organisms inhabiting the intertidal zone of the ocean?

Strong Attachment Methods, Protective Shells, and Heat Tolerance eg Barnacles, Sea Stars, and Mussels

Mustualistic relationships exist in coral reefs in shallower waters. Describe one such mutualistic relationship

Coral with Unicelluar protists such as plankton where both are benefitted

How does overfishing in the area of a coral reef threaten the coral population?

The fish wont be able to eat the algae which is harmful to the coral and an excess of algae will kill off the coral

Coral bleaching

When water tempatures increase, the coral will lose its nutrients (expel their food producing protists) making the coral lose its colorful appearance,

Describe two adaptations that have evolved in organisms that live in an estuary

Molluscs: open and close shells, switched from aerobic to anaeorbic respiration, Halophytes: some have root filters to be able to live in saltwater

Delta

Where moving water and still water meet, eg river meeting a lake or ocean

Wetland

Water saturated soil, nutrient poor, specialized plants can grow here, eg swamps,marsh