dermatologic disorder

3 laters of skin

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

epidermis

outermost, thin layer of skin

stratum corneum

surface of epidermis

2 roles of epidermis

regulate water content & drug transport into lower layers/systemic circulation

3 main components of dermis

nerve endings, vasculature, hair follicles

hypodermis role

nourishment/cushioning

oil-in-water emulsions

creams & lotions

risk of alcohol-containing products

irritation & drying

astringents API

aluminum acetate

vehicle type for hairy areas

lotions

ointment base

petrolatum

ointment mechanism

protective film formed = moisture retaining

spray use counseling

6inches from skin, spray 1-3 seconds

drying/irritation

anesthetics API

benzocaine, lidocaine, pramoxine (BLIP)

anesthetics MoA

interrupts transmission of electrical impulses, inactivates sodium channels in sensory neurons

anesthetics use

relief of pain/itch from minor wounds/burns/sunburns

anesthetics use in pediatrics

2yrs+

astringent API

aluminum acetate

astringent MoA

cool/dry skin thru evaporation & reduce blood flow via vasoconstriction

astringent use

decrease weeping/oozing/discharge

astringent dosing (soaking)

15-30min 3-4x daily

astringent dosing (wet dressing/compress)

20-30min 4-6x daily

astringent use in pediatrics

2yrs+

first aid antibiotics APIs

neomycin & bacitracin/polymyxin B sulfate

bacitracin MoA

kills bacteria via inhibition of cell wall synthesis (gram+)

neomycin MoA

kills bacteria via inhibition of protein synthesis (gram-)

polymyxin B MoA

kills bacteria via leakage of intracellular components (gram-)

first aid antibiotic uses

infection PREVENTION

first aid antibiotic dosing

1-3x per day after cleansing & before sterile dressing

only exception for using an ointment on an open wound

first aid antibiotics

neomycin

first aid antibiotic API w/ highest risk for contact dermatitis

first aid antibiotic use in pediatrics

2yrs+

first aid antiseptics APIs

chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide, povidone-iodine solution

first aid antiseptics MoA

kill microorganism growth in tissues

first aid antiseptic use in pediatrics

2yrs+

hydrocortisone MoA

vasoconstriction, reduces inflammation/pruritis

hydrocortisone warnings

no application w/ bandages or eyes/eyelids

hydrocortisone dosing

3-4x daily

hydrocortisone pediatric dosing

2yrs+

skin protectant inactive vehicles

petrolatum, dimethicone, zinc oxide, glycerin, lanolin, cocoa butter, colloidal oatmeal

skin protectant uses

prevents irritation from friction/rubbing or drying of stratum corneum

skin protectant dosing

2-3x daily

skin protectant pediatric dosing

2yrs+