Language Production

speech

2-3 words per second, knowledge of 30000 words

language production

fulfil the communicative intention by realising details of syntax phonology and articulation

lexicalisation

producing/retrieving single words

history

freud- errors reflect unconscious desires/ psychopathology

franklin- errors reflect underlying cognitive processes

errors

speech produced doesnt match the intent

substitutions- wrong word

exchanges- confused order

preservations- taken tare of

anticipations- later sound produced early

substitutions

higher similarity in meaning and higher phoneme similarity inc error

2 stage model

message/meaning in mind to be expressed, lexical form retrieved

limitations of errors as a data source

observed inc nervousness

confirmation bias of observers

tip of tongue states self report

tip of tongue state Vigliocco et al 1999

prove that words are retrieved based on separate meaning and form as concept and properties accessed but not phonological form

more prevalent in older and bilinguals

more common for less common words

naming latencies Alario et al 2004

harder to see object= slower to name, agreement rate of others, word frequency/acquisition, number of phonemes no effect

Schriefers et al 1990

when semantically related word shown before word= harder as competition

when phonologically related word shown with/after word= easier as sound is primed

=semantics early phonology late

cascading information flow evidence

mixed errors- semantic and phonological active

blend errors- only one word should be selected at meaning and passed onto form in feedforward

feedforward models

perceptual loop of self-monitoring may seem like cascading