Biology Exam 3 plants
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47 Terms
What multicellular stage is a sporophyte?
Diploid, meaning it has 2 sets of chromosomes
What multicellular stage is a gametophyte?
haploid, meaning it has one set of chromosomes
What does the sporophyte produce?
it produces haploid spores through meiosis, which grow into a gametophyte
what does the gametophyte produce?
it produces gametes through mitosis
What is a gametes?
Sperm and egg
What happens when sperm swims to the egg during fertilization?
it forms a diploid zygote, which grows into a new sporophyte
What type of plants are Bryophytes?
Nonvascular plants
What is a nonvascular plant?
a plant that lacks specialized/vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) to transport water and nutrients. which causes them not to grow very tall
What generation is bryophytes?
the gametophyte is the dominant generation, meaning its larger and longer living
What do byrophytes have?
Rhizoids
What are rhizoids?
simple structures that anchor the plant, but do not absorb water.
What is required for bryophytes reproduction?
water, because sperm has to swim to reach the egg
What type of plants are Ferns?
Vascular plants
What is a vascular plant?
plants that have xylem and phloem that allow them to transport water and nutrients effectively, which allows them to grow taller than bryophytes
What is the dominant generation in ferns?
Sporophyte
What do ferns require for fertilization?
water
What is the antheridium?
the male reproductive structure that produces sperm
What is the archegonium?
The female reproductive structure that contains the egg and the sight where fertilization occurs
What is the sporangium?
the structure where spores are produced through meiosis
What is the sporophyte?
the diploid generation that produces spores
What is the gametophyte?
the haploid generation that produces gametes
What is a spore?
a haploid cell that can grow into a new organism without fertilization, divides by mitosis to form a gametophyte
What is a gamete?
a haploid that must fuse with another gamete during fertilization to form a zygote
What is sporopollenin?
a tough substance that protects spores from drying out, allowing plants too survive on land
What does vascular tissue do?
it allows plants to transport water and nutrients efficiently, enabling them to grow taller
In mosses, what grows out of what?
the sporophyte grows out of the gametophyte
In mosses what does the sporophyte growing out of the gametophyte consist of?
A seta(stalk), and a capsule(sporangium) which is where spores are produced
What are the seeds of gymnosperms?
naked, not inclosed in chambers
Where are the seeds of angiosperms developed in?
inside of chambers
Where are liverworts female gametangia?
Elevated on the stalk
In mosses, what is the sporophyte made of
Capsule and seta
What do germinating moss spores produce?
Protonemata
What is protonemata?
green, branched, one cell thick filaments
In mosses, what gametophytes are there?
Male and female
What does xylem do?
conducts most of the water and minerals
What does phloem do?
distributes sugars, amino acids, and other organic products
What are most seedless vascular plants?
Homosporous
What are all seed plants?
heterosporous