Male and Female Reproductive Systems

This set of flashcards covers the key vocabulary and concepts related to the male and female reproductive systems, their functions, processes, hormones, and related pathologies.

Gametogenesis

The process of forming gametes; includes spermatogenesis in males and oogenesis in females.

Meiosis

A type of cell division that results in haploid cells; includes one DNA replication followed by two rounds of division.

Spermatogenesis

The process of producing sperm; begins at puberty and continues throughout life.

Oogenesis

The process of forming the egg; a female's primary oocytes are present at birth.

Polar bodies

Cells produced during oogenesis that are typically degenerated and do not develop into eggs.

Corpus luteum

The structure formed from a ruptured follicle during ovulation; secretes estrogen and progesterone.

Testosterone

A male hormone that is produced continuously after puberty and aids in sperm production.

FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone)

A hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates sperm production in males and follicle growth in females.

LH (Luteinizing Hormone)

A hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates testosterone production in males and triggers ovulation in females.

Estrogen

A hormone produced by ovarian follicles that regulates the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics.

Progesterone

A hormone produced by the corpus luteum that helps maintain pregnancy and prepares breasts for milk production.

Zygote

A fertilized egg that forms when sperm and egg unite.

Embryo

An organism in its early stages of development, typically up to 8 weeks after conception.

Fetus

The period of development from the third month until birth.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

An inflammatory disease that spreads to the pelvic cavity, often caused by STIs, and can result in infertility.

Erectile Dysfunction

The inability to achieve or maintain an erection.

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)

A hormone produced during pregnancy that can be detected by pregnancy tests.

Female Repro Hormones Feedback Loop

Male Repro Hormones Feedback Loop