Male and female reproductive system

What is the function of male reproductive system?

Production of sperm

Delivery of sperm to female

What is the function of female reproductive system?

Production of ova, reception of sperm, giving birth, maintenance of developing foetus

What are the sex chromosomes?

Men - XY

Female - XX

What are the parts of male reproductive anatomy?

Primary organ is the testis

Secondary are: penis, scrotum, epidymis, vas defrans

What is the role of testes?

1- Spermatogenesis: production of male gametes from primordial germ cell seminiferous tubules and sertoli cells and sperm

2 - Production of testosterone - Leydig cells

What is the role of scrotum?

Sperm doesn’t mature at ambient body temps

Scrotal sac: lack of fat

excess of sweat glands

wrinkled to increase surface area

networks of arteries and veins

Role of penis?

Delivery of sperm via internal fertilisation

What is the role of semen?

1 - Sperm from testis

2 - stoned in epididymis

3 - transported through vans deferens

4 - Seminal vesicle adds:

fructose, prostaglandins, seminogelin

5 - Prostate adds basic solution to correct pH, prostate specific antigen (PSA)

How does speramtogenis occur?

Mitosis first then meiosis

What hormones involved in control of male reproduction?

Steroid hormones - male (androgens, testosterone)

Peptide hormones - Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Luteinising hormone (LH)

Gonadotrophin relasing hormone (GHRH)

How does male puberty work?

Hypothalamus produces GnRH

Pitatary produces LH and FSH

LH - Leydig cells produce testosterone

FSH - Sertoli cells initiate spermatogenesis

What are the secondary male sex characteristics produced by?

Dihydrotestosterone

What specialization of male sexual reproduction is there?

Internal fertilisation delivery system

testosterone negative feedback

behavior secondary characterisics

Support for gamete delivery

continuous supply of millions of light gametes

What are the female reproduction organs?

Primary - ovaries and uterus (womb)

Oviducts(fallopian tubes)

vagina

vulva

clitoris

mammary gland

pelvis

What is the ovary made up of?

Outer cortex

follicles

corpus lutes

central medulla

What is the function for fallopian tubes?

Functional links between ovaries and uterus

site of fertilization

ciliated glandular, epithelial lining

What is the function of the uterus?

Myometrium on outside

Endometrium on inside

What is the function of the cervix?

Narrow spincter of smooth muscle tissue

holds developing fetus inside uterus

forms a muscular plus

How is the hormonal control of female reproduction carried out?

Steroid hormones: osteogens, progesterones

Peptide hormones: Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Lutenising hormone (LH)

Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)

Oxytocin

prolactin

How does female puberty occur?

Hypothalamus procures GnRH

Pituatiary produces LH and FSH

Ovaries produces oestrogen and Progesterone

Menstrual cycle starts

Secondary female sex characteristics

What are the two jobs of females?

1 - Produce a haploid gamete

changes in ovary during 1st half of menstrual cycle

OESTROGEN

2 - Support the foetus

changes in uterus during second half of menstrual cycle

PROGESTERONE

How does menstruation occur?

Day 1-14: OESTROGEN causes follicular phase, proliferative

day 14-28: PROGESTERONE causes luteal phase, secretory

What is the specialization of the female sexual reproduction?

Producing of a nourishing gamete

Menstrual cycle to support two roles

Specialized anatomy

Quality control and timing

Specialized hormones and positive feedback logs

Behavior secondary characteristics

What is seasonal breeding?

Among many mammals reproduction is tightly linked to environmental cycle