PSYC 230 - LC 2 (LOs, Kahoot, & PollEvs)

What are the different types of Sensory memory?

• echoic - heard

• iconic - seen

Sensory memory- how much and how long?

• large capacity

• lasts milliseconds-seconds

STM- How much and how long?

• small capacity

• lasts seconds

How can we improve our STM capacity?

rehearsing

What is the difference between STM and WM?

• WM is where we work out/manipulate info in the STM

• (phonological loop, central executive, visuospatial sketch pad)

Why do we need a WM system?

it's where we manipulate info

Describe the difference between WM & LTM and the role they each play in the serial position curve.

• LTM - information stored after ~30 seconds; primacy effect (info learned first out of a list)

• WM - information still in STM; recency effect (info learned last out of a list)

Name, describe and give examples of the various ways memories can be coded.

• visual - rotating numbers

• auditory - letters sounding similar (P and B)

• semantic - song stuck in head

Who is HM & what did he and similar patients teach up about memory?

• Lost his hippocampus and couldn't make new LTMs

• Learned that LTM an STM are different

Explain and gives examples of each type of explicit memory.

• semantic - facts about the states

• episodic - what you experienced on vacation

Draw the hierarchy of all of the various types of memory. Explain and give examples of each type.

1. long term

a. explicit

• semantic - facts

• episodic - experiencies

b. implicit

• conditioning - associating a CS with a US for a reaction

• priming - hearing something in passing and then noticing it later

• procedural - how to tie your shoes

• sensitization/habituation - increasingly noticing/becoming used to something

2. short term + working

3. sensory

a. iconic - what you saw

b. echoic - what you heard

What are some research proven strategies to increase your retention of the material in this class for the exams and beyond? Provide examples of these strategies.

handwriting notes, teaching the material to others

Should I use my laptop to take notes in class?

not bad, but handwritten are better

Why is it important for us to forget?

so we can learn new info; struggle for recall can strengthen memory and learning

What are flashbulb memories- how are they similar and different from other types of episodic memories?

collective memories that groups have where they feel like they can remember more details around major events (9/11, COVID lockdown)

What is MPI and do the effects seem to be related to Source Monitoring or Retroactive Interference. What is the evidence for this?

• MPI - misleading postevent info

• source monitoring - determining the source of a memory

• retroactive interference - info learned after the memory that can alter the memory

• all have to do with false memories

Explain a few reasons why we need to be cautious of eyewitness testimony.

unreliable (false memories, transfer appropriate processing)

Type used when remembering the parts of the limbic system

- Semantic

- Implicit

- Episodic

- Priming

Semantic

Type most likely to be affected with Hippocampal damage

- Perceptual Priming

- Procedural

- Episodic

- Habituation

Episodic

Your neighbor's garage band music seems to get louder by the hour.

- Priming

- Episodic

- Sensitization

- Habituation

Sensitization

Type likley used when trying to remember what you ate for dinner last night.

- Habituation

- Episodic

- Procedural

- Conditioning

Episodic

Repeating the vet's phone number you just found on the web, so you can dial it on your phone.

- Episodic

- Working

- Priming

- Conditioning

Working

Quickly recognizing a famous artist's name when you had only recently heard the name in passing

- Semantic

- Episodic

- Priming

- Procedural

Priming

Flinching at the word "Titanic" after your brother repeatedly threw water at you when saying it

- Semantic

- Episodic

- Priming

- Conditioning

Conditioning

Tying your shoe

- Semantic

- Procedural

- Episodic

- Sensitization

Procedural

Remembering your friend's birthday party from last week

- Semantic

- Episodic

- Implicit

- Procedural

Episodic

Remembering the words to the Star Spangled Banner or other national anthem

- Semantic

- Episodic

- Priming

- Habituation

Semantic

Typing your name

- Semantic

- Procedural

- Priming

- Episodic

Procedural

Remembering what you did last spring break during current spring break.

- Episodic

- Priming

- Working Memory

- Semantic Memory

Episodic

No longer smelling the dinner cooking after you have been in the kitchen for a few minutes.

- Semantic

- Procedural

- Habituation

- Sensitization

Habituation

Remembering PEMDAS from elementary school math.

- Priming

- Episodic

- Procedural

- Semantic

Semantic

Which is NOT a type of implicit memory

- Procedural

- Conditioning

- Priming

- Episodic

Episodic

After many trips to an acupuncturist, being pricked seems more painful each visit

- Episodic

- Sensitization

- Priming

- Procedural

Sensitization

Which is not a type of Long-term Memory

- Semantic

- Episodic

- Conditioning

- They all are

They all are

Carmen was in a horrible car accident on her 21st birthday and as a result developed amnesia which caused her to forget things that happened before her 21st birthday, which of the following is true?

- Carmen has anterograde amnesia

- Carmen has retrograde amnesia

- Carmen is more likely to remember her 20th birthday as opposed to the day before her 21st birthday

- Carmen is more likely to remember the day before her 21st birthday rather than her 20th birthday

- B & C

- B & D

B & C

The type of memory coding that is used depends on the situation but, ____ coding is most common for short-term memory, and ___ coding is most common for long-term memory.

- Semantic, auditory

- Visual, semantic

- Auditory, visual

- Auditory, semantic

Auditory, semantic

What do the mental rotation studies tell us about memory?

- Short term memory can be coded sematically

- Long term memory can be coded semantically

- Short term memory can be coded visually

- Long term memory can be coded visually

Short term memory can be coded visually (?)

The primacy effect (from the serial position curve experiment) is attributed to

- recall of information stored in LTM.

- a type of rehearsal that improves memory for all items in a list.

- recall of information still active in STM.

- forgetting of early items in a list as they are replaced by later items.

recall of information stored in LTM.

Which of the following long-term memories is paired INCORRECTLY with its type?

- You remember that UNC's mascot is a ram - semantic memory

- You remember rushing Franklin and jumping over a fire after the 2017 National Championship - episodic memory

- You remember how to shoot a perfect free throw - nonassociative learning

- You used to like royal blue, but after the last Duke game every time you see someone wearing it you have an automatic urge to "boo"- classical conditioning

You remember how to shoot a perfect free throw - nonassociative learning

Elaborative rehearsal of a word will LEAST likely be accomplished by:

- Linking the new word to a previously learned concept

- Repeating it over and over

- Using it in a sentence

- Thinking of its synonyms and antonyms

Repeating it over and over

Which type of memory lasts for the shortest amount of time?

- Iconic

- Echoic

- Short-term Memory

- Semantic

- More than one of the above (2 are equal)

Iconic

Sally goes with her friend to the store. She remembers that she has to get juice and bread because she pictures a large cup of juice waiting for her at her door when she arrives back home, and a loaf of bread sitting on the table just inside the door. Wha

- Scene Schema

- Epiphenomenon

- Pegword Technique

- Method of Loci

Method of Loci