industrial revolution

1. Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?

Britain in the late 1700s.

2. What major change happened during the Industrial Revolution?

There was a major shift from handmade to machine-made products.

3. Where did most people live before the Industrial Revolution?

In rural areas.

4. Why did people move to urban areas?

For work.

5. What industries replaced agricultural industries?

Factories.

6. How did machines affect production?

Machines increased production.

7. What did new inventions change?

Transport and communication.

8. What were working conditions often like?

Harsh and unsafe.

9. Name one cause of the Industrial Revolution.

Larger coal supplies.

10. What type of government helped Britain industrialise?

A stable government.

11. What resources helped Britain industrialise?

Abundant natural resources.

12. What was the main economic activity before 1750?

Agriculture.

13. Before 1750, how many people worked in manufacturing and trade?

Very few people.

14. What were towns and villages like before 1750?

Small.

15. What was hygiene like before 1750?

Poor.

16. What happened after 1750 to factories and textile mills?

They were built.

17. What happened to the population after industrialisation?

It quadrupled from 6.5 million to 32.5 million.

18. Where did many people move during industrialisation?

To cities.

19. What new social class became available after industrialisation?

The middle class.

20. By 1850, where did over 50% of the population live?

In towns and cities.

21. What happened to pollution because of urbanisation?

Pollution increased.

22. What sanitation problems developed in cities?

Poor sanitation and hygiene.

23. What jobs became more available during urbanisation?

Factory jobs.

24. Who were the Luddites?

Textile workers who destroyed machinery and factory property.

25. Why did the Luddites destroy machines?

They thought machines threatened jobs.

26. Who was Arnold Toynbee?

An English historian who popularised the Industrial Revolution.

27. How did Arnold Toynbee describe the Industrial Revolution?

As a period of disruption and terrible suffering.

28. Who invented the lightbulb?

Thomas Edison

29. What did the lightbulb provide?

Cheap lighting.

30. What did the telegraph and Morse code improve?

Long-distance communication.

31. Who improved the steam engine?

James Watt

32. What did the steam engine improve?

Power and productivity.

33. Who invented the mechanical loom?

Edmund Cartwright

34. What did the mechanical loom increase?

Cloth production.

35. Who invented the Spinning Jenny?

James Hargreaves

36. What did the Spinning Jenny improve?

Thread and cloth production.

37. Who invented the cotton gin?

Eli Whitney

38. What did the cotton gin do?

Separated cotton fibres from seeds.

39. Why were factories created?

Machines were too large to fit into homes.

40. What is mass production?

Producing large amounts of goods quickly using machines.

41. What happened to towns during industrialisation?

Towns became centred around factories.

42. Name one positive outcome of the Industrial Revolution.

Goods were made faster.

43. What happened to the price of goods?

Goods became cheaper.

44. Name one negative outcome of the Industrial Revolution.

Unsafe working conditions.

45. Who invented the assembly line?

Henry Ford

46. How did the assembly line work?

Specialised workers repeated the same action and every person had a set task.

47. Name one major impact of the Industrial Revolution.

Urbanisation of society.

48. Why did socialism emerge during the Industrial Revolution?

Workers were treated badly, paid little, and worked in unsafe conditions.

49. What did trade unions fight for?

Better wages, improved working conditions, and shorter working hours.

50. What did trade unions help protect?

Workers’ rights.

51. What reforms did governments introduce?

Factory Acts, child labour restrictions, and safety regulations.

52. What was Chartism?

A British working-class movement for political reform.

53. What did Chartists want?

Changes to make the political system more democratic.

54. What is a welfare state?

A system where a nation attempts to ensure all citizens have their basic needs met through government support.

55. What is industrialisation?

The process of developing industries and factories.

56. What is urbanisation?

The movement of people from rural areas to cities.

57. What is mechanisation?

Using machines instead of human labour.

58. What is capitalism?

An economic system where businesses are privately owned for profit.

59. What is socialism?

The idea that wealth and industries should be shared more equally.

60. What are trade unions?

Organisations formed by workers to improve wages and conditions.