Comparative Vertebrae Anatomy Final
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400 Terms
What phylum do vertebrates belong to?
Chordata
3 multiple choice options
What type of Plane Divides the body into equal right and left-handed portions?
Midsaggital Plane
3 multiple choice options
What is the term for the rigid, cartilaginous rod that defines the long axis of the developing vertebrate body?
notochord
2 multiple choice options
what is the term for the first pharyngeal arch in jawed vertebrates?
mandibular arch
3 multiple choice options
what does the term "metamerism" refer to?
serial repetition of body parts
2 multiple choice options
what is the term for the glandular groove on the floor of the developing pharynx?
endostyle
3 multiple choice options
what is the class of tissue that is composed of tightly packed cells anchored together by a variety of intercellular junctions?
epithelial tissue
3 multiple choice options
what is the class of tissue that rests on a basement membrane?
epithelial tissue
2 multiple choice options
what is the class of tissue that's defined by its extracellular component as much as by the cells that make it up?
connective tissue
3 multiple choice options
what class of tissue is contractile in nature?
muscle tissue
2 multiple choice options
what is the term for epithelial cells that appear under the light microscope to be wider than they are tall?
squamous
3 multiple choice options
what is the term for an epithelium that is made up of more than one layer of cells that are roughly equal in height and width?
stratified cuboidal
3 multiple choice options
which class of glands secretes hormones?
edocrine
3 multiple choice options
which type of connective tissue is a dense connective tissue characterized by a high population of collagen fibers running in the same direction?
dense regular c.t.
3 multiple choice options
which type of connective tissue is a loose connective tissue that supports epithelial tissues throughout the body?
areolar c.t.
3 multiple choice options
what is the type of connective tissue that makes up tendons and ligaments?
dense regular c.t.
3 multiple choice options
which of the following is an example of a special connective tissue?
blood
3 multiple choice options
which type of muscle tissue has a prominent cytoskeleton, making it striated in appearance?
both skeletal and cardiac muscle
3 multiple choice options
which class of muscle tissue is involuntary, nonstriated, and uninucleated?
smooth muscle
3 multiple choice options
which class of muscle tissue is found in various visceral organs, such as the stomach?
smooth muscle
2 multiple choice options
what is the class of tissue that will contain neurons and neuroglia?
nervous tissue
3 multiple choice options
which layer of the integument is not part of the skin?
hypodermis
2 multiple choice options
which layer of the integument produces the various integumentary glands?
epidermis
2 multiple choice options
what is the most superficial layer of the integument?
epidermis
3 multiple choice options
what layer of the integument is derived from ectoderm?
epidermis
3 multiple choice options
what type of epithelium makes up the epidermis
stratified squamous epithelium
3 multiple choice options
what is the epidermal protein found in amniotes that helps to reduce dessication?
keratin
3 multiple choice options
which form of glandular secretion can be described as the cell releasing its products through normal exocytosis?
merocrine
2 multiple choice options
what is the term for the unicellular mucus glands of fishes?
goblet cells
3 multiple choice options
what description best describes the integumentary glands of amphibians?
typically multicellular
2 multiple choice options
what is the term for a gland with numerous branching ducts?
compound
3 multiple choice options
what criterion was used to name the granular glands of fishes?
appearance of the vesicles
3 multiple choice options
what is the oil-secreting gland of mammals?
sebaceous gland
3 multiple choice options
what is the term for the avian oil gland?
uropygial gland
3 multiple choice options
what is the term for invaginations of the dermis, which will have an inductive effect on events such as hair growth?
dermal papillae
3 multiple choice options
what is the type of scale that is only found in amniotes?
epidermal scale
3 multiple choice options
what is the term for the superficialmost layer of a claw, nail, or hoof?
unguis
3 multiple choice options
what is the term for the portion of the feather shaft that supports the vanes?
rachis
3 multiple choice options
what is the term for the smooth muscle associated with a feather?
arrector plumarum
3 multiple choice options
which type of gland is typically found in association with the hair follicles?
sebaceous gland
3 multiple choice options
what is the term for the exposed portion of a hair (i.e., that portion above the skin)?
shaft
3 multiple choice options
which type of horns have a keratinized outer sheath, a central core of bone, and are not seasonally shed?
bovine horns
3 multiple choice options
which is the deepest layer of the dermis?
reticular layer
3 multiple choice options
which layer of the dermis is typically composed of areolar connective tissue?
papillary layer
3 multiple choice options
what is the only class of extant jawed vertebrates that does not produce dermal bone?
aves
3 multiple choice options
what material makes up the deepest layer of the primitive four-layered dermal armor (second-deepest layer)?
compact bone
3 multiple choice options
what is the material making up the top/superficial layer of the primitive four layered dermal armor?
enamel/enamaloid
3 multiple choice options
Which type of scales are the dermal scales of teleosts, and are considered the most advanced fish scales?
leptoid scales
3 multiple choice options
which type of dermal scale gave rise to the vertebrate tooth?
placoid scale
3 multiple choice options
what is the general term for the dermal bones found in reptilian skin?
osteoderm
3 multiple choice options
which type of scales is not found in any extant vertebrates?
cosmoid scales
3 multiple choice options
what group of extant mammals have the best developed dermal armor?
armadillos
3 multiple choice options
what is the general term for skin cells containing pigment?
chromotophores
3 multiple choice options
what is the term for skin cells containing red pigment?
erythrophores
3 multiple choice options
what is the term for the mammalian hypodermis that contains primarily fat?
panniculus adiposis
3 multiple choice options
which class of vertebrates has the most extensively developed hypodermis?
mammalia
3 multiple choice options
which type of epidermal cell is involved in defending the body from pathogens
langergans cells
3 multiple choice options
what type of epidermal cell is involved in the perception of touch?
merkel cells
3 multiple choice options
the skin of which class of vertebrates can be described as: an epidermis of stratified squamous, mucus type, with placoid scales
chondrichthyes
3 multiple choice options
which class of vertebrates has extensive subdermal lymph sinuses since they practice integumentary breathing?
amphibia
3 multiple choice options
which layer of the mammalian epidermis is composed of a single layer of cells having a high degree of mitotic activity?
stratum basale
3 multiple choice options
which layer of the mammalian epidermis is the superficialmost layer and is composed of dead keratin filled cells?
stratum corneum
3 multiple choice options
what is the stem cell that will give rise to dentin?
odontoblast
3 multiple choice options
which stem cell will give rise to the mineralized tissue enamaloid?
odontoblast
3 multiple choice options
which class of cartilage has a high elastic fiber content?
elastic cartilage
3 multiple choice options
which class of cartilage makes up the bulk of the chondrichthyan skeleton?
hyaline cartilage
3 multiple choice options
which class of cartilage makes up the costal cartilages of the rib cage and the cartilagenous rings of the upper respiratory tract?
hyaline cartilage
3 multiple choice options
which form of cartilage growth involves the production of new cartilage from within the cartilage organ?
interstitial
3 multiple choice options
what is the term for the organic component of the bone matrix?
osteoid
3 multiple choice options
which class of bone tissue has red marrow
spongy bone
3 multiple choice options
what is the term for a central canal and the lamellae of osteocytes arranged around it?
haversian unit
3 multiple choice options
which bone cells add calcium to the bone matrix?
osteoblasts
3 multiple choice options
which connective tissue investment of a bone organs gives rise to ligaments and tendons?
periosteum
3 multiple choice options
what is the class of bone tissue forming the inner aspect of a bone organ, the medullary bone?
spongy bone
3 multiple choice options
which type of marrow is found in the medullary cavity of long bones
yellow
3 multiple choice options
what class of bone tissue most closely resembles dentin?
aspidin
3 multiple choice options
what is the anatomical term for the shaft of a long bone?
diaphysis
3 multiple choice options
what is the term for the collagenous structure that attaches bone to bone?
ligament
3 multiple choice options
what is the class of bone organ based on shape that the ribs belong to?
flat
3 multiple choice options
what is the class of bone organ based on shape that includes the parietal and occipital bones?
flat
3 multiple choice options
whats the class of bone organ based on shape that includes the vertebrae?
irregular
3 multiple choice options
what type of bone tissue is a specialized type of bone where the osteoblasts retreat after secreting the matrix, leaving no cells in the tissue?
aspidin bone
3 multiple choice options
what is a special type of bone where hormones can alter the size and shape of the bone organ often to signal gender and/or reproductive maturity?
metaplasic bone
3 multiple choice options
which type of ossification involves bone replacing a cartilage model/precursor
endochondral
3 multiple choice options
which type of ossification gives rise to the humerus and femur?
intramembraneous
3 multiple choice options
which form of ossification gives rise to bones of the dermatocranium?
intramembraneous
3 multiple choice options
what is the class of mineralized tissue that anameloid actually belongs to?
dentin
3 multiple choice options
what is the term for bones that are created from the mesenchyme directly?
membrane bones
3 multiple choice options
what is the functional class of joint having no mobility?
synarthritic
2 multiple choice options
what is the structural class of joint having a high degree of mobility?
synovial
2 multiple choice options
what is the structural class of joint that includes the growth plate connecting the epiphysis and diaphysis?
cartilaginous
2 multiple choice options
what is the name for the membrane of a synovial joint that produces the lubricant of the joint?
synovial membrane
3 multiple choice options
what is the class of mineralized tissue that arises from the epidermis?
enamel
3 multiple choice options
which layer of the integument can produce bone?
dermis
2 multiple choice options
which portion of the skeleton is composed of the bones of the limbs and their associated girdles?
appendicular skeleton
1 multiple choice option
what is the class of cartilage making up the articular cartilages of joints?
hyaline cartilage
2 multiple choice options
what type of bone are heterotrophic bones?
both
2 multiple choice options
what is the general term for the body cavity of vertebrates that houses all of the viscera? It is part of the tube-within-a-tube body plan.
ceolom
3 multiple choice options
which class of tissue is electrical in nature and has the ability to send and receive info?
nervous tissue
3 multiple choice options
what class of tissue is contractile in nature?
muscle tissue
3 multiple choice options