Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

What condition is described as a leading cause of death and disability in children and adults aged 1 to 44 years?

Traumatic brain injury (TBI)

What type of injury occurs when an object strikes the head or the brain strikes the skull internally?

Contact injury

What condition in traumatic brain injury involves persistent crying and changes in eating or nursing habits in children?

Pediatric TBI symptom

What type of hematoma is caused by rupture of bridging veins in the subdural space?

Subdural hematoma

What neurotransmitters are involved in excitotoxicity during secondary brain injury?

Glutamate and aspartate

What type of injury results in shear, tensile, and compressive strain due to head movement?

Acceleration-deceleration injury

What type of injury occurs when the brain strikes the skull at the site of impact?

Coup injury

What condition is characterized as a non-degenerative, non-congenital insult to the brain from external mechanical force?

Traumatic brain injury (TBI)

What systemic cause of secondary brain injury involves circulatory shock leading to reduced cerebral perfusion?

Extracranial cause

What type of hemorrhage results from damage to vessels in the posterior fossa or stalk region?

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

What type of injury occurs when the brain rebounds and strikes the opposite side of the skull?

Contrecoup injury

What is the primary brain injury mechanism caused by mechanical force at the moment of impact?

Primary brain injury

What is the approximate annual number of deaths caused by traumatic brain injury?

Approximately 52,000 deaths per year

What type of brain injury involves skull penetration or exposure of brain tissue?

Open brain injury

What type of injury results in skull fractures and surface contusions due to direct force?

Contact injury

What is the most common cause of death and clinical deterioration after traumatic brain injury?

Intracranial hematoma

What condition is a mild traumatic brain injury characterized by brief loss of consciousness and dizziness?

Concussion (mild TBI)

What is a delayed brain injury process that occurs hours to days after the initial trauma?

Secondary brain injury

What is the classification describing brain injury that is localized to one area versus widespread damage?

Focal or diffuse injury

What type of hematoma is caused by rupture of the middle meningeal artery following temporal bone fracture?

Epidural hematoma

What gender is about twice as likely to experience traumatic brain injury?

Males

What intracranial cause of secondary brain injury involves increased intracranial pressure leading to herniation?

Raised intracranial pressure (ICP)

What physical symptom in mild traumatic brain injury includes loss of balance and dizziness?

Vestibular dysfunction

What cellular event in secondary brain injury involves failure of ion pumps leading to calcium and sodium overload?

Cellular ion pump failure

What is the definition of coup-contrecoup brain injury?

Brain injury caused by impact and rebound movement of the brain within the skull

What neurotransmitters are involved in excitotoxicity during secondary brain injury?

Glutamate and aspartate

What type of intracranial bleeding occurs inside the brain tissue itself?

Intracerebral hemorrhage

What is the primary brain injury mechanism caused by mechanical force at the moment of impact?

Primary brain injury

What condition includes cognitive problems such as memory, attention, and decision-making deficits after head trauma?

Cognitive dysfunction

What is a severe traumatic brain injury symptom involving inability to awaken from sleep?

Severe TBI level of consciousness impairment

What type of injury results from acceleration-deceleration forces causing the brain to move inside the skull?

Acceleration-deceleration injury

What is the systemic cause of secondary brain injury involving failure of pulmonary oxygenation?

Respiratory failure

What is a common pediatric traumatic brain injury symptom involving changes in sleep habits and attention?

Pediatric TBI symptom

What type of hemorrhage is associated with rupture of bridging veins in traumatic brain injury?

Subdural hematoma

What condition involves failure of cerebral perfusion due to edema, hemorrhage, or increased intracranial pressure?

Impaired cerebral perfusion

What is the classification of traumatic brain injury that is open or penetrating?

Open brain injury

What condition is caused by mechanical force at the moment of trauma?

Primary brain injury