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1920s (Roaring Twenties)
Economic boom driven by mass production and consumer credit; cultural change (jazz, flappers) and nativism increased tensions in society.
Culture War (1920s)
Conflict between modernists and traditionalists over religion and values; seen in Scopes Trial, Prohibition, and debates over science vs religion.
Cause of Great Depression
Stock market crash (1929), overproduction, underconsumption, bank failures, and weak global economy led to economic collapse.
Effects of Great Depression
~25% unemployment, bank failures, homelessness (Hoovervilles), decline in trade, and widespread poverty.
Government Response (Hoover vs FDR)
Hoover favored limited aid; FDR expanded federal role with direct relief and economic programs.
The New Deal
FDR programs focused on relief, recovery, reform; expanded federal power and created jobs (CCC, WPA) and safety nets (Social Security).
Impact of New Deal
Reduced suffering and restored confidence but did not fully end Depression; increased role of federal government in economy.